Cytokine distribution in mothers and breastfed children after omega-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period: A randomized, controlled trial

Rodriguez-Santana, Yessica; Ochoa, Julio J.; Lara-Villoslada, Federico; Kajarabille, Naroa; Santana, Pedro Saavedra; Hurtado, José Antonio; Peña, Maria Marjorette O.; Díaz‐Castro, Javier; Sebastián‐García, Irma; Machin-Martin, E.; Villanueva, Miriam Martínez; Ramírez-García, Octavio; Quintana, Luis Peña

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The newly published 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [5] recommends consumption of 8–10 oz/week of seafood to the general population to receive adequate amount of omega-3 PUFAs. Recently, omega-3 PUFAs have received great interest due to their potential benefits in cardiovascular [6,7,8,9], gastrointestinal [10,11,12,13], cognitive function [14,15,16], and bone health [17,18,19], as well as in pregnancy and offspring health outcomes [20,21,22,23]. The two omega-3 PUFAs associated with these biological effects are eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

et al. 2019

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To facilitate a clinical observational study to identify healthy volunteers with low (defined as ≤4%) and high (defined as ≥5.5%) omega-3 indices, a dietary questionnaire to rapidly assess habitual dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was developed. This study aimed to determine the validity of this newly developed dietary questionnaire. One hundred and eight volunteers were included and were assessed for habitual dietary intake of EPA and DHA using the questionnaire. The United States Department of Agriculture food products database and nutrition fact label was referenced for calculation. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of fatty acids in whole blood specimens and to derive omega-3 indices. A linear correlation was observed between reported dietary consumption of EPA, DHA, EPA+DHA and the whole blood levels of EPA, DHA, and the omega-3 indices (r = 0.67, 0.62, 0.67, respectively, p < 0.001 for all). The findings also suggested that the questionnaire was substantially better at identifying volunteers with high omega-3 indices (sensitivity 89%, specificity 84%, and agreement 86%) compared to volunteers with low omega-3 indices (sensitivity 100%, specificity 66%, and agreement 42%). In conclusion, this newly developed questionnaire is an efficient tool for the assessment of omega-3 indices in study populations and is particularly effective in identifying individuals with high omega-3 indices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

et al. 2019

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“…There is also evidence that maternal intake of n-3 LCPUFAs reduces BM pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines [1], while other studies do not show a modification with this supplementation [20,65]. However, a relationship between n-3 LCPUFA supplementation and plasma anti-inflammatory profiles has usually been demonstrated [66][67][68][69]. This discrepancy may be related to differences between cytokines in maternal plasma and in BM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

et al. 2023

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Breast milk (BM) cytokines support and modulate infant immunity, being particularly relevant in premature neonates with adverse outcomes (NAO). This study aimed to examine, in a cohort of Spanish breastfeeding women, changes in BM cytokines in the first month of lactation, their modulation by neonatal factors (sex, gestational age, and NAO), maternal factors (obstetric complications, C-section, and diet), and their relationship with oxidative status. Sixty-three mother-neonate dyads were studied at days 7 and 28 of lactation. Dietary habits were assessed by a 72-h dietary recall, and the maternal dietary inflammatory index (mDII) was calculated. BM cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα) were assessed by ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence. Total antioxidant capacity was assessed by the ABTS method and lipid peroxidation by the MDA+HNE kit. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, the levels of IL-10 and TNFα remained stable, while IL-13 increased (β = 0.85 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and IL-8 and MCP-1 levels decreased (β = −0.64 ± 0.27, p = 0.019; β = −0.98 ± 0.22, p < 0.001; respectively). Antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation also decrease during lactation. Neonatal sex did not influence any of the cytokines, but BM from mothers with male infants had a higher antioxidant capacity. Gestational age was associated with male sex and NAO, being inversely correlated with the BM proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, BM from women with NAO infants increased MCP-1 levels and had a larger drop in antioxidant capacity, with the opposite trend in lipid peroxidation. MCP-1 was also significantly higher in women undergoing C-section; this cytokine declined in women who decreased mDII during lactation, while IL-10 increased. Linear mixed regression models evidenced that the most important factors modulating BM cytokines were lactation period and gestational age. In conclusion, during the first month of lactation, BM cytokines shift towards an anti-inflammatory profile, influenced mainly by prematurity. BM MCP-1 is associated with maternal and neonatal inflammatory processes.

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“…To date, studies have focused on the effects of FA supplementation during pregnancy on body composition, visual and cognitive development ( 12 ) , as well as effects on immune outcomes and cardiovascular function in early infancy ( 13 , 14 ) . Moreover, other authors suggest that fish-oil (FO) or n -3 FA supplementation during pregnancy show a potential role on essential FA status in infants ( 14 , 15 ) . However, the long-term impact of maternal PUFA status on functionality of the metabolic pathways involved in PUFA desaturation/elongation in children still remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early nutrition in combination with polymorphisms in fatty acid desaturase gene cluster modulate fatty acid composition of cheek cells’ glycerophospholipids in school-age children

et al. 2019

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Variants in the human genes of fatty acid (FA) desaturase 1 (FADS1), 2 (FADS2) and 3 (FADS3) are associated with PUFA blood levels. We explored if maternal prenatal supplementation and children’s genetic variation in seventeen SNP of the FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3 gene cluster influence twenty-one of the most relevant cheek cells’ derived FA in glycerophospholipids (GPL-FA). The study was conducted in 147 Spanish and German mother–children pairs participating in the Nutraceuticals for a Healthier Life (NUHEAL) study at 8, 9 and 9·5 years. Linear and mixed model longitudinal regression analyses were performed. Maternal fish-oil (FO) or FO+5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease of arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations in cheek cell GPL in the offspring, from 8 to 9·5 years; furthermore, maternal FO+5-MTHF supplementation was associated with higher n-6 docosapentaenoic acid concentrations in their children at age 8 years. FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism and different FADS2 genotypes were associated with higher concentrations of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in children; moreover, some FADS2 genotypes determined lower AA concentrations in children’s cheek cells. It is suggested an interaction between type of prenatal supplementation and the offspring genetic background driving GPL-FA levels at school age. Prenatal FO supplementation, and/or with 5-MTHF, seems to stimulate n-3 and n-6 FA desaturation in the offspring, increasing long-chain PUFA concentrations at school age, but depending on children’s FADS1 and FADS2 genotypes. These findings suggest potential early nutrition programming of FA metabolic pathways, but interacting with children’s FADS polymorphisms.

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Cytokine distribution in mothers and breastfed children after omega-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period: A randomized, controlled trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire to Screen Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels in Healthy Adults

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

Early nutrition in combination with polymorphisms in fatty acid desaturase gene cluster modulate fatty acid composition of cheek cells’ glycerophospholipids in school-age children

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