Cytogenotoxic Effects of Spent Pot Liner (SPL) and Its Main Components on Human Leukocytes and Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa

Palmieri, Marcel José; Andrade-Vieira, Larissa Fonseca; Trento, Marcus Vinícius Cardoso; Eleutério, Mateus W.; Luber, Jaquelini; Davide, Lisete Chamma; Marcussi, Silvana

doi:10.1007/s11270-016-2809-z

Cited by 67 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The use of higher plants as bioindicators is standardized by international programs such as the International Program on Plant Bioassays (IPPB) of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) (Ma 1999) and Geno-Tox of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (Ma et al 2005). The data obtained from these bioassays are recognized as effective to detect environmental genotoxicity by USEPA and the World Health Organization (WHO) (Palmieri et al 2016).…”

Section: A Cepa As Bioindicator Of Herbicidal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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A general report on the use of the Allium test as cytotoxicological and genotoxicological assay is proposed, with particular emphasis about the standardization of the test in several common applications. The intraspecific variation in Allium cepa has been overlooked, as in most investigations no mention is made about origin and denomination of the onion cultivar used. A standardization of the used material would allow a better generalization of the results, since we cannot be sure that all cultivars would give the same response. A more frequent use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation is proposed. Even if relatively time consuming and not available in all laboratories, it may help to better understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity, since many morphological characters may appear similar but be arisen from different processes observable only with TEM. About statistical testing, tests other than chi-squared may be used in case of a lower amount of data. The most commonly used statistical tests are the parametric tests ANOVA and Student's t, and the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, for analysis of variance. Tests should be used also to assess the minimal sample dimension for obtaining significance, since data collection (microscope observation) appears to be one of the main bottle necks of the test. Also the use of the Allium test for testing liposomes and other nanovectors for drug delivery is proposed, in order to assess the cytotoxicity of these types of medium and the possible increase in cytotoxicity of the associated drug.

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Section: A Cepa As Bioindicator Of Herbicidal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, alternative models to investigate the toxic potential of physic nut varieties with different contents of phorbol ester should be considered. Among the tests available to study the toxic potential of a given compound or residue, plant models stand out for their good sensitivity and low cost (Leme & Marin-Morales, 2009), besides presenting good correlation with data from tests using animal models (Bianchi, Cabral-de-Mello, & Marin-Morales, 2015) or even human cells (Palmieri, et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Andrade-Vieira

Botelho

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

RBT

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The tropical and subtropical naturalized physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), has been explored for biodiesel production in recent times. The oil is extracted from the seeds and, for the production to be feasible, utilization of the residual seed cake is crucial. Although the cake could be employed as a protein source in animal feed, it is rich in phorbol ester, which is toxic for animals. Therefore, breeding programs have been working to reduce or eliminate the phorbol ester content in physic nut. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the physic nut oil of toxic and non-toxic varieties (containing known or undetectable amounts of phorbol ester, respectively) with regards to phytotoxicity in a model experiment with Lactuca sativa L. For this, the percentage of germinated seeds was evaluated after 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours of exposure to the treatments with toxic and non-toxic oil at concentrations of 22.5 %, 45 % and 67.5 % of emulsion (physic nut oil energetically mixed with distilled water). Root growth was determined after 48 hours of exposure and the germination speed index was obtained. The different stages of mitotic division as well as possible chromosomal and nuclear alterations were also recorded. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of dividing cells, as a fraction of the total number of cells, and the frequency of chromosome and nuclear alterations, expressed as the percentage of number of alterations divided by the total number of cells. Both varieties exhibited phytotoxicity, inducing significant reductions in percentage of germinated seeds (reduction of 98 %), germination speed index (reduction of 24.44) and root growth (reduction of 8.54 mm). In microscopic analysis, a mitodepressive effect was observed for both oils at the three concentrations used when compared to the negative control; however, it was possible to distinguish between the toxic and the non-toxic varieties based on the more expressive reduction of division promoted by the first, 2.19 %. Significant increments in the frequency of mitotic cells showing chromosome alterations as well, as the presence of condensed nuclei, were observed in the treated cells. However, these parameters were not significantly different from the control in the cells treated with both physic nut oils. In conclusion, the evaluation of root growth and cell division in the plant model L. sativa, can be proposed as an alternative to animal tests to distinguish the varieties with high and low phorbol ester concentration, thus contributing to the detection of toxicity in varieties used in breeding programs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 495-502. Epub 2018 June 01.

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“…The chromosome region originated from the breakage that is devoid of centromere is denominated acentric fragment ( Figure 1J). These chromosome fragments, due to containing parts of the genetic material, are recognized by the cell and involved in membrane during cell division, giving rise to micronuclei, which are easily observed in cells of the F1 generation [7].…”

Section: What Can Cell Cycle Analyses Reveal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the different bioassays performed in living organisms, those that use higher plants as models to evaluate the biological effects of environmental pollutants stand out. Besides being validated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as efficacious in the determination of toxicological risks in toxicity monitoring programs, they present important characteristics such as high sensitivity, fewer false-negative responses, low cost, not requiring approval from ethics commissions, and being as efficient as assays performed in animal models or even human cells [5][6][7][8]. In addition, they are in accordance with the Toxicology Guidelines for the twenty-first century, which calls for models that substitute animal ones to assess toxic risks [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyto(Geno)Toxic Endpoints Assessed via Cell Cycle Bioassays in Plant Models

Andrade-Vieira¹,

Silveira²

2018

Cytotoxicity

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Environmental pollution is a matter of great concern. Therefore, researches that aim to access the risk of toxicity of these potential pollutants are welcome in the scientific community. The most common strategy to detect toxic agents is through chemical analysis. However, in the last years, the biological assays are often important for risk assessments. Among the bioassays using living organisms to detect toxicity of a compound, plant models have been highlighted as it is easy to be conducted, has low cost, high sensitivity and presents good correlation with other test systems, including mammals. Besides, it is in accordance with the Toxicology Guidelines for the twenty-first century, which claims for bioassays that could substitute the ones that use animals as models. At cellular level, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity are the parameters determined by the endpoints as mitotic index, DNA fragmentation, induction of cell death, and malfunction of cellular structures leading to chromosome and cell cycle alterations. Each of these endpoints will be presented in details in this chapter.

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Cytogenotoxic Effects of Spent Pot Liner (SPL) and Its Main Components on Human Leukocytes and Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa

Cited by 67 publications

References 45 publications

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Cytogenetic bioassays as tools to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

Cyto(Geno)Toxic Endpoints Assessed via Cell Cycle Bioassays in Plant Models

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