Cytogenetics and Breeding in Sugar Beet

Nakamura, Chiharu; Skaracis, George N.; Romagosa, I.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88260-8.50021-5

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Based on morphological features B. nana was considered for inclusion in section Corollinae (Barocka 1985), but isoenzyme variation supported separation into its own section (Nagamine and Ford-Lloyd 1989). The section Corollinae itself is a complex group of wild beets, and the separation into two basic forms is generally accepted (Nakamura et al 1991). Because of the different levels of ploidy, ranging from diploid to hexaploid forms, the section Corollinae can be considered a center of ongoing speciation and species evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. vulgaris cultivars are variable and include important crops used for sugar production (sugar beet) and animal feeding (fodder beet) and as vegetables (beet root, leaf beet, and Swiss chard). Species in the three other sections of the genus have useful genes for plant breeders (Nakamura et al 1991;Jung et al 1990;Van Geyt et al 1990). B. nana, used in the present work, is the only species of section Nanae and is geographically isolated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Family of Differentially Amplified Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Genus Beta Reveals Genetic Variation in Beta vulgaris Subspecies and Cultivars

1997

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Members of a highly abundant restriction satellite family have been isolated from the wild beet species Beta nana. The satellite DNA sequence is characterized by a conserved RsaI restriction site and is present in three of four sections of the genus Beta, namely Nanae, Corollinae, and Beta. It was not detected in species of the evolutionary old section Procumbentes, suggesting its amplification after separation of this section. Sequences of eight monomers were aligned revealing a size variation from 209 to 233 bp and an AT content ranging from 56.5% to 60.5%. The similarity between monomers in B. nana varied from 77.7% to 92.2%. Diverged subfamilies were identified by sequence analysis and Southern hybridization. A comparative study of this repetitive DNA element by fluorescent in situ hybridization and Southern analyses in three representative species was performed showing a variable genomic organization and heterogeneous localizations along metaphase chromosomes both within and between species. In B. nana the copy number of this satellite, with some 30,000 per haploid genome, is more than tenfold higher than in Beta lomatogona and up to 200 times higher than in Beta vulgaris, indicating different levels of sequence amplification during evolution in the genus Beta. In sugar beet (B. vulgaris), the large-scale organization of this tandem repeat was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Southern hybridization to genomic DNA digested with DraI demonstrated that satellite arrays are located in AT-rich regions and the tandem repeat is a useful probe for the detection of genetic variation in closely related B. vulgaris cultivars, accessions, and subspecies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Family of Differentially Amplified Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Genus Beta Reveals Genetic Variation in Beta vulgaris Subspecies and Cultivars

1997

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“…has been isolated in food such as fruits and vegetables, meat, milk and dairy products, salads, and drinking water, coming from the general environments of soil, dust, air and water and from social environments. Higher tropical plants can produce diverse antimicrobial and anti-insect substances (Nakamura et al 1991, Downum et al 1993, Lis-Balchin et al 1996. Substances such as flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids are secondary metabolites produced by plants as a chemical defence against pests and diseases" attacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse anti-microbial and substances that can serve as insect control agents can be produced by higher tropical plants (Nakamura et al 1991, Downum et al 1993, Lis-Balchin et al 1996. Substances such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids are the secondary metabolites produced by the plants as a chemical defense against pests and diseases attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Tectona grandis L. f. (Teak) leaves on microorganisms isolated from decayed food samples

Ogunmefun¹,

Ekundayo²,

Akharaiyi³

et al. 2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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Bacteria were isolated from decayed food samples (tomatoes, cooked beans and rice) collected from Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD) cafeteria and characterized. Some of these isolated microorganisms could pose serious harm to humans including animals and they are normally treated with commercial antibiotics. However, the majority of bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics therefore, the use of plant extracts with therapeutic potential against resistant bacteria is necessary. In this investigation, eight bacteria were isolated from decayed food samples. The bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus and B. siamensis from rice sample; Klebsiella oxytoxa, Salimicrobium halophilium and Norcardia brasiliensis from beans sample; Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter taylore, and Brevibacillus agri from tomatoes. The leaf samples of Tectona grandis were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for the phytochemicals while the crude methanol and chloroform extracts were used as antimicrobial agents against the isolated microorganisms. Alkaloids, carotenoids and tannins were present in large amount. The bacterial isolates were more susceptible to commercial antibiotics than that of methanol extracts of T. grandis. The methanol extracts of T. grandis have a higher antimicrobial activity than the chloroform extracts.

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“…Triploidne hibridne sorte šećerne repe (2n = 27) imaju intermedijarne morfološke karakteristike u odnosu na roditelje, poseduju bolja kvantitativna svojstva i višu otpornost prema bolestima, kada je otpornost uslovljena većim brojem minor gena (Nakamura et al 1992) kao što je to kod otpornosti na Rhizoctonia (Hecker & Ruppel 1976) i otpornosti na Cercosporu (Skaracis & Smith 1987). Pojedina istraživanja imala su za cilj da uporede F 1 hibride iste genetičke konstitucije na diploidnom, triploidnom i tetraploidnom nivou, da bi se ustanovio optimalni nivo ploidnosti u F 1 generaciji.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Meiose analyses of sugar beet triploids

Mezei¹,

Kovacev²,

Atlagić³

et al. 2011

Ratar i povrt

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Izvod: U semenskoj proizvodnji triploida šećerne repe u toku žetve dolazi do osipanja semena. Zbog toga u narednih nekoliko godina niču triploidne i tetraploidne biljke. Cilj rada je bio da se uradi citogenetska analiza nepravilnosti u mejozi kod triploidne hibridne sorte šećerne repe. Triploidi šećerne repe u Metafazi I imaju 9 univalenata i 9 bivalenata i mogu da budu izvor aneuploidnih gameta. Pojava aneuploida kao i njihova posledica, delimična ili potpuna sterilnost, jesu problemi koji prate semensku proizvodnju šećerne repe. Acetokarmin squash metodom pregledano je ukupno 2124 mejocita, kod kojih su u 14,64% ustanovljene različite nepravilnosti. Konstatovane su nepravilnosti tipa dislociranih hromozoma, ubrzanih (izbeglih) i usporenih (izostalih), kao i hromozomski mostovi. Ključne reči: citogenetska analiza, mejoza, šećerna repa, triploidi S. Mezei · L. Kovačev · J. Atlagić · N. Nagl Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Srbija e-mail: snezana.mezei@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs UvodTriploidne hibridne sorte šećerne repe (2n = 27) imaju intermedijarne morfološke karakteristike u odnosu na roditelje, poseduju bolja kvantitativna svojstva i višu otpornost prema bolestima, kada je otpornost uslovljena većim brojem minor gena (Nakamura et al. 1992) kao što je to kod otpornosti na Rhizoctonia (Hecker & Ruppel 1976) i otpornosti na Cercosporu (Skaracis & Smith 1987). Pojedina istraživanja imala su za cilj da uporede F 1 hibride iste genetičke konstitucije na diploidnom, triploidnom i tetraploidnom nivou, da bi se ustanovio optimalni nivo ploidnosti u F 1 generaciji. Unošenjem 9 ili 18 hromozoma procesom ukrštanja u F 1 hibrid nije bilo ni korisnih, ali ni štetnih efekata za prinos korena i sadržaj šećera (Hecker et al. 1969). Većina triploida koji su bili bolji od roditelja, dobijeni su sa tetraploidne majčinske komponente. Triploidi dobijeni sa tetraploida u proseku su za 17 % bolji od recipročnih hibrida (Smith et al. 1979).U komercijalnoj proizvodnji triploidnih hibrida sa tetraploidne majčinske komponente ograniča-vajući faktor je prinos semena, koji iznosi svega 50% u poređenju sa triploidnim hibridima dobijenim sa diploidne majčinske komponente. Razlog za ovo povećanje produktivnosti triploida se ne zna sa sigurnošću. Jedna od pretpostavki je 4:3 odnos perisperma i embrija triploidnog semena sa tetraploida, u poređenju sa 2:3 odnosom kod recipročnog ukrštanja. Ovim se objašnjava brže rano razviće triploida sa tetraploidne majčinske komponente, mada se smatra da je ovo možda najmanji razlog za njihov bolji prinos korena (Bosemark 1977). Prema rezultatima McFarlane et al. (1972) prinos korena triploidnih hibrida je samo 10% bolji od genetički identičnih diploidnih hibrida. Stvaranje visoko produktivnih triploidnih hibrida zahteva širok program ispitivanja kombinacionih sposobnosti muško sterilnih (MS) linija i oprašivača. Triploidne hibridne sorte šećerne repe komercijalno su interesantne jer su potpuno ili parcijalno sterilne obzirom na dodati "n" broj hromozoma, te je iz triploida te...

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Cytogenetics and Breeding in Sugar Beet

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

A Family of Differentially Amplified Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Genus Beta Reveals Genetic Variation in Beta vulgaris Subspecies and Cultivars

A Family of Differentially Amplified Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Genus Beta Reveals Genetic Variation in Beta vulgaris Subspecies and Cultivars

Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Tectona grandis L. f. (Teak) leaves on microorganisms isolated from decayed food samples

Meiose analyses of sugar beet triploids

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