Cytogenetic toxicity and no-effect limit dose of pesticides

Kumar, D. Srinivas; Khan, Parimal Kumar; Sinha, S. P.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(94)00147-g

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As reviewed in Flessel et al [1993] and confirmed by subsequent studies [Balaji and Sasikala, 1993;Amer et al, 1996;Kumar et al, 1995], technical grade and purified malathion appeared to induce chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in human and animal cell culture. In vivo animal studies have shown that exposure to technical-grade malathion can induce chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, whereas exposure to purified malathion did not.…”

Section: Other Studies Of Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic monitoring of malathion-exposed agricultural workers

et al. 1998

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The aerial application of malathion over large urban populations in Southern California during the early 1990s raised concerns about adverse health effects, including the potential to cause genetic damage. Workers in the Mediterranean fruit fly eradication program, which involved application of malathion as ground treatment, were studied to examine micronucleus formation and mutation frequencies assessed by the glycophorin A (GPA) assay. In the 1992 pilot project the mean micronuclei level appeared higher in lymphocytes of exposed workers (n = 13) compared to controls (n = 4) (20.1 ± 7.1 vs 14.3 ± 7.2 respectively, P = 0.09). During the 1993 season, neither of the cohorts examined showed a higher level of micronuclei in workers exposed to malathion compared to unexposed, nor did the pooled total (n = 53; means = 17.8 ± 7.2 vs 18.5 ± 6.3, respectively), even after adjustment by multiple regression. The GPA variant frequency was not associated with malathion exposure in any of the cohorts. These results suggest that any potential risk of genotoxic damage from exposure to malathion is relatively low, but other assays may be more sensitive, and the sample size was small. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33:164‐174, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Other Studies Of Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic monitoring of malathion-exposed agricultural workers

et al. 1998

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“…Key words Genotoxicity, Cyolan, Chromosomal aberrations, Storage proteins, Vicia faba Pesticides have been employed on a wide scale in the Egyptian agriculture. The possible mutagenic and carcinogenic natures of some of the agricultural chemicals have been suggested by many authors (Badr and Ibrahim 1987, Kumar et al 1995, Natarajan 1996, Burroughs et a/.1996. It has been proven that Vicia faba is an excellent model for the assay of chromosomal aberrations after chemical treatments (Ma 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of the Insecticide Cyolan on Mitosis, Meiosis and Seed Storage Proteins of Vicia faba.

George

Ghareeb

2001

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary The insecticide cyolan was examined for the induction of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities and changes in the banding patterns of M2 seed storage protein in Vicia faba plants. The used insecticide solution had mitodepressive effect and induced a wide range of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities. On the protein level, the results for the 3 major fractions of seed storage proteins in Vicia faba, as revealed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed mutagenic effects for insecticide. In general, all treatments caused decrease in the amount of proteins. Key words Genotoxicity, Cyolan, Chromosomal aberrations, Storage proteins, Vicia faba Pesticides have been employed on a wide scale in the Egyptian agriculture. The possible mutagenic and carcinogenic natures of some of the agricultural chemicals have been suggested by many authors (Badr and Ibrahim 1987, Kumar et al. 1995, Natarajan 1996, Burroughs et a/.1996. It has been proven that Vicia faba is an excellent model for the assay of chromosomal aberrations after chemical treatments (Ma 1982). Abdelsalem et al. (1993b) used electrophoretic banding patterns of seed storage proteins for monitoring the mutagenic effects of pesticides.The present work was planned to study the mutagenic effect of the organophosphorus insecticide cyolan using Vicia faba as a biological system. Materials and methods InsecticideCyolan (phospholan), [2-(diethoxy-phosphinylimino)1,3-dithiolane] is a systemic organophosphorus insecticide, widely used for the control of a number of insects. It is a 25% emulsifiable solution produced by American Cyanamid Company and applied for control leaf worm at rate of 750 g (ED) active ingredient per ha. Cytological experimentsMitosis. Vicia faba seeds were germinated in water. After the roots were 2-3 cm long, they were placed in test solutions for 6, 12 and 24 h. Control seeds were placed in tap water. After each interval of treatment the roots were cut and fixed immediately in acetic acid-absolute ethyl alcohol (1: 3) for 24 h. The root tips were stained using the Feulgen squash technique. Six roots were examined for each concentration.Meiosis. Vicia faba plants were sprayed at the flowering stage with 3 concentrations of the insecticidal solution twice for 2 successive days. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Each group of plants consisted of 15 plants.Flower buds were gathered 24 h after the treatment, fixed in Carnoy's fluid and stained using the aceto-carmine smear method.Abnormalities were counted in the 1 st and 2nd meta-ana-, telophases and tetrads. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) of 6 plants at least were investigated for each treatment.

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“…Asita and Makhalemele (2009): Commercial compounds of Malathion at 0.034, 0.069, 0.137% solution (corresponding to 0.34; 0.69; 1.37mg mL -1 ); 7. Kumar et al (1995): MT ranging from 0 to 100 mg L -1 ; 8. Kumar and Sinha (1989): concentrations of 0.1;0.5;1.0;5.0;10.0; 25.0; 100.0; 250.0; 500.0 ppm (corresponding to 0.0001mg mL -1 to 0.5 mg mL -1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative analysis in toxicological assessment of the insecticide Malathion in Allium cepa L. system

et al. 2023

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For many centuries human populations have been suffering and trying to fight with disease-bearing mosquitoes. Emerging and reemerging diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya affect billions of people around the world and recently has been appealing to control with chemical pesticides. Malathion (MT) is one of the main pesticides used against mosquitoes, the vectors of these diseases. This study aimed to assess cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the malathion for the bioindicator Allium cepa L. using a multivariate and integrative approach. Moreover, an appendix table was compiled with all available literature of insecticides assessed by the Allium cepa system to support our discussion. Exposures during 48h to 0.5 mg mL-1 and 1.0 mg mL-1 MT were compared to the negative control (distilled water) and positive control (MMS solution at 10 mg L-1). The presence of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, and mitotic index abnormalities was evaluated. Anaphase bridges were the alterations with higher incidence and presented a significantly elevated rate in the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1, including when compared to the positive control. The integrative discriminant analysis summarizes that MT in assessed concentrations presented effects like the positive control, corroborating its potential of toxicity to DNA. Therefore, it is concluded that MT in its pure composition and in realistic concentrations used, has genotoxic potential in the biological assessment of A. cepa cells. The multivariate integrative analysis was fundamental to show a whole response of all data, providing a global view of the effect of MT on DNA.

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Cytogenetic toxicity and no-effect limit dose of pesticides

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Genetic monitoring of malathion-exposed agricultural workers

Genetic monitoring of malathion-exposed agricultural workers

Genotoxicity of the Insecticide Cyolan on Mitosis, Meiosis and Seed Storage Proteins of Vicia faba.

Integrative analysis in toxicological assessment of the insecticide Malathion in Allium cepa L. system

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