Cytogenetic studies of blood lymphocytes from cosmonauts after long-term space flights on MIR station

Fedorenko, B.S.; Druzhinin, S. I.; Yudaeva, L.; Petrov, V. M.; Akatov, Yu.A.; Snigiryova, G.; Novitskaya, N.; Shevchenko, V.A.; Рубанович, А. В.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00011-4

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The best estimates for acute Á-ray exposure in the same laboratory where dicentrics scoring was performed (Fedorenko et al, 2001) are · = 1.5 ×10 -2 Gy -1 and ß = 6.3 ×10 -2 Gy -2 , and these best fit estimates are consistent with measured curves reported in the literature (reviewed in Bender et al, 1988). Using these parameters, the observed increase of dicentrics after long-term missions would correspond to an equivalent dose of about 0.2 Sv.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromosomal aberrations in cosmonauts (we used the term cosmonaut except when US standards are mentioned) after long-term space missions in LEO have been measured both by Giemsa-staining (Testard et al, 1996;Obe et al, 1997;Fedorenko et al, 2001), and by chromosome painting (Yang et al, 1997;George et al, 2001a, b;Greco et al, 2003). Taken together, the results indicate that biodosimetry estimates lie within the range expected from physical dosimetry and ICRP models , hence suggesting that current risk estimates (NCRP, 2000) are indeed workable and essentially sound.…”

confidence: 99%

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Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Durante

Snigiryova

Akaeva

et al. 2003

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Background and aims: Cosmic radiation is one of the main hazards for manned space exploration. Uncertainty in radiation risk estimates for crews of long-term missions are very high, and direct biological measurements are necessary. We measured chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 cosmonauts involved in space missions during the past 11 years. Methods: Blood lymphocytes from the cosmonauts were stimulated to grow in vitro and were harvested at their first mitosis. Slides were either stained with Giemsa stain for dicentrics analysis, or painted with whole-chromosome DNA probes for translocation analysis (FISH). Results: A statistically significant increase in the yield of chromosomal aberrations was measured following long-term space missions in lymphocytes from cosmonauts at their first flight. No significant changes in aberration frequencies were observed for short-term taxi flights. The increase in long-term missions was consistent with the values calculated from physical dosimetry data. However, for cosmonauts involved in two or more space flights, the yield of interchromosomal exchanges was not related to the total duration of space sojourn or integral absorbed dose. Indeed, the yield of aberrations at the end of the last mission was generally in the range of background frequencies measured before the first mission. Conclusions: Chromosome aberration dosimetry can detect radiation damage during space flight, and biological measurements support the current risk estimates for space radiation exposure. However, for cosmonauts involved in multiple space missions the frequency of chromosomal aberrations is lower than expected, suggesting that the effects of repeated space flights on this particular endpoint are not simply additive. Changes in the immune system in microgravity and/or adaptive response to space radiation may explain the apparent increase in radioresistance after multiple space flights.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Durante

Snigiryova

Akaeva

et al. 2003

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Cytogenetic analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been used to reconstruct radiation dose to astronauts in space (e.g., see [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Although physical radiation monitoring is employed on all human missions in space---and more sophisticated technologies will be available for return to the Moon-the advantage of biomarkers is measurement of the biological response in the individual, which includes contribution from dose, dose rate, radiation quality, and biologically-based modifiers of response such as DNA repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These flights lasted only 5 h and 3 d, respectively, and no significant increase in chromosome damage was observed when comparing pre-flight and post-flight samples. More recently, a substantial database has emerged using various cytogenetic methods, including fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, to evaluate pre-and post-mission blood lymphocyte samples from crewmembers on Mir and ISS (6)(7)(8)(9). Results indicate that radiation dose accumulated over a period of a few months or more can induce a measurable increase in the yield of chromosome damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting Report--NASA Radiation Biomarker Workshop

Straume¹,

Amundson²,

Blakely³

et al. 2008

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“…Cosmic radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations have been observed in blood lymphocytes from crewmembers following long-term missions in low-Earth orbit (Testard et al, 1996;Yang et al, 1997;Obe et al, 1997;Fedorenko et al, 2001;George et al, 2001George et al, , 2002George et al, , 2004Greco et al, 2003;Durante et al, 2003), and these measurements have been used to provide independent, biologically motivated estimates of both dose equivalent Durante et al, 2003) and risk .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%