Cytogenetic effects induced by the fungicide Royal Flo to maize ( Zea mays L.)

Bonciu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

The present study aims to evaluate the potential for the pollution of the environment by two herbicides (quizalofop-p-ethyl and cycloxydim), using the Allium test. The species in question is Allium cepa (onion, 2n = 16), one of the most common plant indicators of environmental pollution. The working method consisted of obtaining the meristematic roots of Allium cepa and their treatment with herbicides at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) for each herbicide for 24 h, for comparison with an untreated control. The results obtained from the cytological study indicated a strong cytotoxic and genotoxic effect for both herbicides, but especially for quizalofop-p-ethyl, where the mitotic index decreased from 30.2% (control) to 9.6% for the variant treated with 1.5% herbicide. In this case, a strong mitodepressive effect was shown by a highly significant percentage (35.4%) of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations: stickiness, fragments, C-mitosis, lobulated nucleus, micronuclei, and nuclear erosion. The mitodepressive effect as well as the percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased with a higher herbicide concentration. The obtained results suggest the strong potential for pollution of the two herbicides, particularly at concentrations higher than 0.5%; therefore, we recommend caution in their use to avoid undesirable effects on the environment.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Environmental Pollution Potential of Some Herbicides by the Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Allium cepa

Bonciu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

“…Other plants have also been used for cytotoxicity testing, recent reports being of Vicia faba L. (Kursheed et al, 2018), maize (Bonea and Bonciu 2017), and Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

Self Cite

A general report on the use of the Allium test as cytotoxicological and genotoxicological assay is proposed, with particular emphasis about the standardization of the test in several common applications. The intraspecific variation in Allium cepa has been overlooked, as in most investigations no mention is made about origin and denomination of the onion cultivar used. A standardization of the used material would allow a better generalization of the results, since we cannot be sure that all cultivars would give the same response. A more frequent use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation is proposed. Even if relatively time consuming and not available in all laboratories, it may help to better understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity, since many morphological characters may appear similar but be arisen from different processes observable only with TEM. About statistical testing, tests other than chi-squared may be used in case of a lower amount of data. The most commonly used statistical tests are the parametric tests ANOVA and Student's t, and the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, for analysis of variance. Tests should be used also to assess the minimal sample dimension for obtaining significance, since data collection (microscope observation) appears to be one of the main bottle necks of the test. Also the use of the Allium test for testing liposomes and other nanovectors for drug delivery is proposed, in order to assess the cytotoxicity of these types of medium and the possible increase in cytotoxicity of the associated drug.

“…The Allium test allows us to assess the cyto-and genotoxicity of the factors of different nature, not spending a lot of physical and economical resources (Teixeira et al, 2003), to avoid solving the problems connected with ethical use of plant objects; it provides with large amounts of data and the results are correlated with those obtained on cell lines (Tedesco and Laughinghouse, 2012). It should be also noted that, in comparison with other plant objects used in genotoxicity tests (Smirnova et al, 2012;Bonea and Bonciu, 2017;Daphedar and Taranath, 2018), the chromosomes and cells of A. cepa L. are rather great in size, which makes it easy, using primitive equipment, to count phases and mitotic disorders and assess even some changes in cells (e.g., membrane breakdown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Poligonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt on the Allium test taken as an example.

Smirnova

Korovkina

2021

Caryologia

The plant Poligonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt is a promising plant in Murmansk region because it is a valuable source of flavonoid compounds. The aim of the study is to investigate, using a sensitive and the well-established Allium test, toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of the middle tier, which differ in concentration (20, 50, 80 and 100%). According to the observations, the 50%, 80% and 100% concentration aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of P. weyrichii have a mitodepressive effect on the cells of the root meristem of Allium cepa L., and inhibit the root growth, causing chromosomal abnormalities. The further investigations are necessary on selection of such aqueous extracts concentrations of P. weyrichii because this plant is the source of biologically active compounds.