Cytocompatible antifungal acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles for dentures

Abstract

Background: Inhibition of Candida albicans on denture resins could play a significant role in preventing the development of denture stomatitis. The safety of a new dental material with antifungal properties was analyzed in this work. Methods: Poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA] discs and PMMA-silver nanoparticle discs were formulated, with the commercial acrylic resin, Nature-Cryl TM , used as a control. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dispersive Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antifungal effect was assessed using a luminescent microbial cell viability assay. Biocompatibility tests were carried out using NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and a Jurkat human lymphocyte cell line. Cells were cultured for 24 or 72 hours in the presence or absence of the polymer formulations and analyzed using three different tests, ie, cellular viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell proliferation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay BrdU, and genomic DNA damage (Comet assay). Finally, the samples were evaluated mechanically, and the polymer-bearing silver nanoparticles were analyzed microscopically to evaluate dispersion of the nanoparticles. Results:The results show that PMMA-silver nanoparticle discs significantly reduce adherence of C. albicans and do not affect metabolism or proliferation. They also appear not to cause genotoxic damage to cells. Conclusion:The present work has developed a new biocompatible antifungal PMMA denture base material.

Effects on cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the incorporations of silver nanoparticles into the surface coating of dental alloys

“…Because of their antimicrobial properties, AgNPs have been added to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The results of this study found that PMMA-AgNPs significantly reduced the adherence of C. albicans, while flexural strength of PMMA was decreased (Acosta-Torres et al, 2012;Sodagar et al, 2012). The colonization of the soft lining of denture material by oral fungi could result in infections and stomatitis, and therefore AgNPs were incorporated into composites as antimicrobial agents in order to reduce the microbial colonization of lining materials (Grzegorz et al, 2011;Chladek et al, 2013).…”

“…AgNPs were added to composite resins and results demonstrated that, in sufficient concentrations, the presence of nanosilver significantly increased the resins' antibacterial performance (Fan et al, 2011;Ai et al, 2017). Microwave solidification was applied to the denture base preparation after mixing the AgNPs with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder, and the results showed that the amount of C. albicans attached to the base surface was significantly reduced (Acosta-Torres et al, 2012). AgNPs have also been added to the surface of titanium implants (Massa et al, 2014;Matsubara et al, 2015;Mishra et al, 2015).…”

Nanomaterials in dentistry – potential capabilities, applications, limitations and hazards. Review of the literature. Part 2

“…All the polyquaternary ammonium salt-containing cements exhibited significant antibacterial activity, accompanied by a reduction of initial compressive strength. Furthermore, it was concluded that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative owing to its high mechanical strength and antibacterial functionality [8].…”

“…They also appeared to prevent genotoxic damage to the cells. The authors also claim to have developed a new biocompatible antifungal PMMA denture-based material [8,9].…”

Nonconventional Routes to Silver Nanoantimicrobials

“…The incorporation and deposition of silver nanoparticles on titanium implants and screws were demonstrated effective in preventing bacteria biofilm adhesion and infections (Secinti et al, 2011;Cheng et al, 2013). The use of silver nanoparticles has also been explored for the production of antimicrobial bone graft (Marsich et al, 2013) and in orthodontia, where antifungal acrylic resins containing AgNPs were developed as antifungal compounds for denture bases (Acosta-Torres et al, 2012;Nam et al, 2012;Sodagar et al, 2012). A wide range of silver dressings with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is commercially available for topical application and new wound dressing biomaterials have also been proposed in the literature for the management of exuding venous leg ulcers for bioburden and infection reduction (White, 2013;Forlee et al, 2014).…”