CytochromeBSequences Suggest Convergent Evolution of the Asian Takin and Arctic Muskox

Groves, Pamela; Shields, Gerald F.

doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0423

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Only one haplotype was retrieved (table 4), which is consistent with Groves and Shields' [8] evidence for limited among-individual variation at the cyt b locus in living muskoxen. By contrast, the Pleistocene samples yielded 2 haplotypes among 4 sequences and thus greater among-individual haplotype and nucleotide diversity in a much smaller sample.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) [GenBank: NC001941] and goat ( Capra hircus ) [GenBank: NC005044] were used as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. The takin Budorcas taxicolor was not included in the analysis as Groves and Shields [8] have shown that the relationship between this species and muskox is not demonstrably closer than that of other caprines. When submitted to phylogenetic testing using maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood methods, OMTai39 placed in all analyses outside modern muskoxen cyt b sequences (bootstrap support, 80–98%) supporting the distinctiveness of Pleistocene vs. Holocene haplotypes (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groves' [7,8] analysis of sequence data for cytochrome b (cyt b ) and the mitochondrial hypervariable region in 37 individuals of O. moschatus from various localities in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland revealed only marginal genetic differentiation within extant populations. Groves [7] identified a total of 8 hypervariable region haplotypes, but these differed individually by only 1 or 2 nucleotide substitutions in approximately two-thirds of the cases, for a maximum of 9 differences – a total of 1.3% variation across 697 bp (base pairs), including insertions and deletions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary loss of genetic diversity in muskox (Ovibos)

et al. 2005

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Background: The modern wildherd of the tundra muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is native only to the New World (northern North America and Greenland), and its genetic diversity is notably low. However, like several other megafaunal mammals, muskoxen enjoyed a holarctic distribution during the late Pleistocene. To investigate whether collapse in range and loss of diversity might be correlated, we collected mitochondrial sequence data (hypervariable region and cytochrome b) from muskox fossil material recovered from localities in northeastern Asia and the Arctic Archipelago of northern North America, dating from late Pleistocene to late Holocene, and compared our results to existing databases for modern muskoxen.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary loss of genetic diversity in muskox (Ovibos)

et al. 2005

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“…For the cytochrome b data, 26 of the 27 genera included in the nuclear study were available (Equus caballus: D32190, Tragulus javanicus: D32189 [Chikuni et al, 1995]; Sus scrofa: AB015079 [Watanobe et al, unpubl. ]; Tayassu tajacu: U66289: [Theimer and Keim, 1998]; Llama glama: U06429, Camelus bactrianus: U06427 [Stanley et al, 1994]; Hexaprotodon liberiensis: Y08814 [Montgelard et al, 1997]; Kogia breviceps: U72040 [Milinkovitch et al, 1996]; Balaena mysticetus: X75588 [Arnason and Gullberg, 1994]; Odocoileus hemionus: X56291, Antilocapra americana: X56286, Giraffa camelopardalis: X56287: [Irwin et al, 1991]; Muntiacus sp: AJ000023, Rangifer tarandus: AJ000029 [Randi et al, 1998]; Ovibos moschatus: U90303 [Groves and Shields, 1997]; Boselaphus tragocamelus: AJ222679 [Hassanin and Douzery, 1999] [Matthee and Robinson, 1999a]). To obtain complete taxon representation for the mtDNA analyses, the cytochrome b gene of the okapi was sequenced and included in the nal data analyses (GenBank accession number AF181470).…”

Section: Sequence Data and Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the Mammalian Genome for Artiodactyl Systematics

Matthee¹,

Burzlaff²,

Taylor³

et al. 2001

Systematic Biology

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A total of 7,806 nucleotide positions derived from one mitochondrial and eight nuclear DNA segments were used to provide a robust phylogeny for members of the order Artiodactyla. Twenty-four artiodactyl and two cetacean species were included, and the horse (order Perissodactyla) was used as the outgroup. Limited rate heterogeneity was observed among the nuclear genes. The partition homogeneity tests indicated no conflicting signal among the nuclear genes fragments, so the sequence data were analyzed together and as separate loci. Analyses based on the individual nuclear DNA fragments and on 34 unique indels all produced phylogenies largely congruent with the topology from the combined data set. In sharp contrast to the nuclear DNA data, the mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data showed high levels of homoplasy, failed to produce a robust phylogeny, and were remarkably sensitive to taxon sampling. The nuclear DNA data clearly support the paraphyletic nature of the Artiodactyla. Additionally, the family Suidae is diphyletic, and the nonruminating pigs and peccaries (Suiformes) were the most basal cetartiodactyl group. The morphologically derived Ruminantia was always monophyletic; within this group, all taxa with paired bony structures on their skulls clustered together. The nuclear DNA data suggest that the Antilocaprinae account for a unique evolutionary lineage, the Cervidae and Bovidae are sister taxa, and the Giraffidae are more primitive.

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“…The Sichuan takin is a large bodied ruminant that physically resembles a musk ox, but is more closely related to sheep (Groves & Shields 1997). Listed as 'vulnerable' by the International Union on the Conservation of Species (IUCN), takins live in sub-alpine forests and alpine meadows of the Himalayas and Western China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe laminitis in multiple zoo species

Wiedner

Holland

Trupkiewicz³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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A 10-year record review from a zoological institution in the western USA identified four cases of severe laminitis resulting in rotation and protrusion of the third phalanx through the sole. Laminitis is reported in a Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), a Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana), a greater Malayan chevrotain (Tragulus napu) and a giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus). This is the first report of severe laminitis with pedal bone rotation and protrusion in multiple species of non-domestic hoofstock, and the first report of this disease in three of these species (takin, chevrotain, and giant eland).

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CytochromeBSequences Suggest Convergent Evolution of the Asian Takin and Arctic Muskox

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Late Quaternary loss of genetic diversity in muskox (Ovibos)

Late Quaternary loss of genetic diversity in muskox (Ovibos)

Mining the Mammalian Genome for Artiodactyl Systematics

Severe laminitis in multiple zoo species

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