Cytochrome P450 from Plants: Platforms for Valuable Phytopharmaceuticals

Abstract

Abstract

Transcriptome analysis identifies strong candidate genes for ginsenoside biosynthesis and reveals its underlying molecular mechanism in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

“…They encode monooxygenases involved in endogenous oxidation reaction, such as lipids, steroidal hormones and cholesterol as well as in the degradation of xenobiotics such as insecticide and herbicide 21–25 . The CYP450 genes also extensively participate in the modification of various secondary metabolites that potentially have pharmacological properties as well, endowing medicinal herbs with potential medical and economical values 26 . Over the last decades, the functions of the CYP450 genes have been studied in the biosynthesis of various herbal components, such as ginsenosides 17–19 , artemisinin 27,28 , nootkatone 29 , olean-12-ene-3β-24-diol soyasapogenol B 30 , oleanolic acid 31 , flavonones 32 and hyoscyamine 33 .…”

De novo leaf and root transcriptome analysis to explore biosynthetic pathway of Celangulin V in Celastrus angulatus maxim

“…Plant CYP450s [53–55] and acyltransferases [56] modify the sesquiterpene carbon ring and are important in biotechnology due to their ability to biosynthesize diverse secondary metabolites with various biological properties. The CYP71 clan is the largest P450 family and functionally diverse in all plant species [54], including a total of 110 members divided into 18 subfamilies and showing large clusters of duplicated genes and taxa-specific subfamily blooms [57].…”

“…So far, the functions of many CYP450s have been identified, participating in the biosynthesis of terpenoid-based natural products in various plants [54]. At present, six bioactive sesquiterpenes have been successfully produced in heterologous systems by using CYP450 coding sequences [53]. In the capsidiol biosynthesis, 5-epi-aristolochene 1,3-dihydroxylase (CYP71D20) played a decisive role and the preferred reaction order of hydroxylation is at C1 followed by C3 [59]; CYP706B1 (part of the CYP71 clan) catalyzed hydroxylation of δ-cadinene at C8 in gossypol’s biosynthesis [60]; CYP71BA1 from Zingiber zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) catalyzed the conversion of a-humulene to 8-hydroxy-a-humulene at C8 in the zerumbone biosynthesis [61]; CYP71BL2 from Lactuca sativa [62] and CYP71BL3 from Cichorium intybus [63] specifically catalyzed 6a-hydroxylation by mediate hydroxylation of germacrene A acid at positions adjacent to the carboxy group.…”

Association genetics of phenolic needle compounds in Norway spruce with variable susceptibility to needle bladder rust

“…They are involved in multiple metabolic pathways and are important for breeding and biotechnology due to their capacity to modify and activate diverse secondary metabolites with ecological and pharmacological properties, including most terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids (Villa-Ruano et al 2015). In our study, trans -resveratrol and trans -piceatannol production were associated with this gene.…”

“…One of the most promising markers found is MA_57678g0010-2862-[G_T], located in an intron of a gene belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, the largest enzymatic protein family in plants and key players in plant development and defence (Xu et al 2015 ). They are involved in multiple metabolic pathways and are important for breeding and biotechnology due to their capacity to modify and activate diverse secondary metabolites with ecological and pharmacological properties, including most terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids (Villa-Ruano et al 2015 ). In our study, trans -resveratrol and trans -piceatannol production were associated with this gene.…”