Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene reveals species composition and phylogenetic relationships of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in northeastern Brazil

Abstract

Helminths of the genus Oesophagostomum cause enteric diseases and affect domestic animals such as pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the species composition and genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in close contact with humans in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Eighty-seven fecal samples were collected for parasitological tests and molecular analysis. Through microscopy, the overall positivity rate for strongyliform eggs was 81.6% among the pigs studied. Forty-two strongyliform egg samples were subjected to PCR and six cox1 sequences (637 bp) were identified for the genus Oesophagostomum. The sequences were identified as Oesophagostomum dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and O. columbianum. In the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network, 89 sequences were separated into seven clusters, which also included reference sequences from GenBank. Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum were seen to be closely related species and formed a monophyletic group related to O. aculeatum. Oesophagostomum columbianum showed similarity with sequences from parasites infecting small ruminants and the clade was positioned closer to O. bifurcum. High interspecific diversity was found and intraspecific diversity varied according to the species. This was the first study to characterize Oesophagostomum DNA sequences obtained from pigs in Brazil.

Comparison of the first time detected Oesophagostomum asperum with Oesophagostomum columbianum in sheep and goats in Bangladesh based on the trinity: Morphology, morphometry and genetic diversity

“…In this research work, 0.7–1 % and 0.4 % variation in sequence identities were observed in ITS 2 sequences among O. columbianum and O. asperum isolates, respectively. The value of disparity exactly coincides with the variation of reference sequences from China and Brazil ( Bacelar et al, 2022 , Li et al, 2016 , Zhao et al, 2014 ). However, divergence (0–1.5 %) was also reported among O. asperum isolates from Shaanxi province and Hunan province, China ( Li et al, 2016 , Yu et al, 2012 ).…”

Morphologic Characterization of Strongylida Larvae from Human and Swine Coprocultures in Rural Communities in the State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

“…In the present study, the Strongylida genera infecting pigs were Oesophagostomum , Hyostrongylus , and Trichostrongylus , parasites usually present in swine extensively raised. In a previous work, we demonstrated that the Oesophagostomum species characterized in pigs in the region by cox 1 partial sequencing were O. dentatum , O. quadrispinulatum , and O. columbianum , although the latter is a parasite usually found in goats and sheep [ 17 ].…”

“…Necator suillus is a hookworm species described in pigs for almost a century [14], and investigations into its validity, occurrence, epidemiology, and zoonotic potential have not been forwarded. e present work is part of a broader project, in which we assessed, through molecular tools (mitochondrial DNA sequencing), the zoonotic circulation of Strongylida and Ascaris in the human-swine interface in low-resource rural communities in the state of Piauí [15][16][17][18]. In this report, we present the results of the morphological study of Strongylida larvae obtained through cultivation of human and swine feces.…”