This study aimed to estimate the frequency, associated factors, and molecular characterisation of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, andEntamoeba hartmanni infections. We performed a survey (n = 213 subjects) to obtain parasitological, sanitation, and sociodemographic data. Faecal samples were processed through flotation and centrifugation methods.E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, and E. hartmanni were identified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of infection was 22/213 (10.3%). The infection rate among subjects who drink rainwater collected from roofs in tanks was higher than the rate in subjects who drink desalinated water pumped from wells; similarly, the infection rate among subjects who practice open defecation was significantly higher than that of subjects with latrines. Out of the 22 samples positive for morphologically indistinguishableEntamoeba species, the differentiation by PCR was successful for 21. The species distribution was as follows: 57.1% to E. dispar, 23.8% to E. histolytica, 14.3% toE. histolytica and E. dispar, and 4.8% E. dispar and E. hartmanni. These data suggest a high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by the group of morphologically indistinguishable Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskiicomplex and E. hartmanni species. In this context of water scarcity, the sanitary and socioenvironmental characteristics of the region appear to favour transmission.
Discutir a partir da produção cientifica nacional e internacional o perfil clínico epidemiológico da hanseníase. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de literatura em que foi utilizado como estratégia de identificação e seleção dos artigos o levantamento de estudos indexados nos bancos de dados disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde -BVS: Lilacs, Medline levando-se em consideração a produção científica no período estudado de 2007 a 2016. Neste levantamento bibliográfico realizado pela internet utilizaram-se os descritores baseados nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): "Hanseníase (Leprosy), Doenças negligenciadas (Neglected diseases), Vigilância epidemiológica (Epidemiological surveillance). Resultados e Discussão: Baseado nas informações que foram extraídas a partir dos dados obtidos deste estudo, observou-se que o período de publicação variou entre o ano 2009 e 2016, com predominância de 40% dos estudos (06 artigos) no ano de 2015 e 27% (04 artigos) em 2016. O periódico que apresentou o maior número de publicações neste trabalho foi a Revista Hansenologia Internacionalis, com 05 estudos (33%). Para melhor delineamento das informações extraídas dos artigos propostos, dois aspectos temáticos foram levados em consideração: "A Clínica da Hanseníase" e "A Epidemiologia da Hanseníase" Conclusão: Descritores: Hanseníase; Doenças negligenciadas; Vigilância epidemiológica. SUMMARYObjective: Discuss from the national and international scientific production the epidemiological clinical profile of leprosy. Method: This is an integrative review of literature that were used as identification strategy and selection of articles raising indexed studies in the databases available on the Virtual Health Library -VHL: Lilacs, Medline taking into account the scientific production during the study period from 2007 to 2016. in this literature review conducted by the internet used the descriptors based on descriptors in Health Sciences (from CS): "Leprosy (Leprosy), neglected diseases (neglected Diseases), epidemiological surveillance (Epidemiological surveillance). Results and Discussion: Based on the information that has been extracted from the data obtained from this study, it was observed that the publication period was between 2009 and 2016, especially 40% of the studies (06 articles) in 2015 and 27% (04 articles) in 2016. the journal that had the highest number of publications in this work was the Journal Hansenologia Internationalis, with 05 trials (33%). To better design the extracted information of the items, two thematic aspects were taken into account: "The Clinic of leprosy" and "The Epidemiology of Leprosy" Conclusion:
The state of Piauí, like others in the northeastern region, faced an epidemic of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2016, presumably related to congenital Zika virus infection, more intense in the capital. Current challenges include the improvement of vector control, basic research, scaling-up of diagnostic tools for pre-natal screening of Zika virus, vaccines, and health care for affected children.
This study aims to describe the prevalence, distribution, and factors associated with soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) in rural localities in Piaui, Brazil. Two cross-sectional surveys (n=605 subjects; 172 families) were carried out in order to obtain socio-demographic, anthropometric, spatial and parasitological data. Parasites were evaluated using Kato-Katz and centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Eggs were measured to assess infection with zoonotic Strongylida parasites. Kernel maps were constructed with Q-GIS. The prevalence of hookworm infection was 12.4% (75/605). Other helminthes found were Trichuris trichiura (n=1; 0.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (n=1; 0.2%). The hookworm positivity rate was significantly lower among subjects who had used albendazole when compared with individuals who had not used anthelmintics or had used antiprotozoal drugs in the last 6 months (8/134 [6.0%] vs. 59/415 [14.2%]; p=0.009). A total of 39/172 (22.7%) families had at least one infected member. The association between the number of dwellers and hookworm positivity in the family was present in a logistic regression multivariate model. Assessment of worm burdens showed 92.2% light, 6.2% moderate, and 1.6% heavy infections. Hookworm eggs (n=34) measured 57.2 - 75.4 µm in length and 36.4 - 44.2 µm in width (mean ± SD = 65.86 ± 4.66 µm L and 40.05 ± 1.99 µm W), commensurate with human hookworms. Hotspots suggest that transmission has a focal pattern. STHs persist in impoverished rural areas in Northeastern Brazil where currently available control strategies (mass drug administration) apparently do not allow the elimination of the infection.
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