Cytobrushing of the oral mucosa as a possible tool for early detection of testudinid herpesvirus in Horsfield’s tortoises with nonspecific clinical signs

Vetere, Alessandro; Bertocchi, Mara; Pelizzone, Igor; Cauza, Giuseppe F La; Denti, Laura; Bigliardi, Enrico; Ianni, Francesco Di

doi:10.1177/1040638720968544

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…When collecting cytological material, minimally invasive methods of imprinting and reimprinting are usually used. The cytological research method is quite reliable and has a number of advantages over biopsy − it is low-traumatic, easy to obtain material, allows a preliminary diagnosis to be made within 20-30 minutes, and can be used repeatedly to monitor the dynamics of the process and assess the effectiveness of treatment measures [15,16,17,18].…”

Section: Results Of the Study And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the Issue of Screening for Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: A Present View

Bilozetskyi,

Radchuk,

Dzetsiukh

2023

Ukr. Dent. Alm.

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Pathological processes in the oral mucosa in the structure of visits to the therapeutic dentistry clinic occupy a significant niche among all initial visits. In this regard, in the treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa, it is important to include in the complex of diagnostic and preventive measures, which would make it possible to diagnose the pathological process at the preclinical stage, and would be characterized by minimally invasiveness, long-term accuracy, ease of use and would help accelerate the recovery of the mucous membrane. and microcirculation, while having minimal side effects on the body as a whole and providing the possibility of dynamic observation. The purpose of the research is to analyze literature sources in order to comprehensively monitor modern approaches to the issue of screening for diseases of the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. Review and analysis of scientific and medical literature based on Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI databases, the study of which does not exceed 5-7 years, including literature reviews and results of clinical studies. Research results. In a number of nosological units, changes in the oral mucosa are of a specific nature, when the appearance can make a diagnosis and determine treatment tactics. However, in most cases, the diagnosis of diseases manifested in the oral mucosa is complicated, since the clinical picture is nonspecific and is often aggravated by additional unfavorable local factors. The cellular composition from the lesion, reflecting the dynamics of changes in the mucous membrane during its epithelization, is one of the objective tests for assessing the general condition of the body. Therefore, the study of the processes of differentiation of oral mucosa with an in-depth analysis of the cytological features of various anatomical areas in normal conditions and morphological and cytospecific changes in the presence of an inflammatory process in periodontal tissues is a relevant and promising area of research.

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Section: Results Of the Study And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the Issue of Screening for Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: A Present View

Bilozetskyi,

Radchuk,

Dzetsiukh

2023

Ukr. Dent. Alm.

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“…Captive reptiles are often kept in suboptimal conditions, circumstances that can suppress their immune system. Many pathologies are often related to incorrect husbandry and a subsequent immune suppression [ 16 , 40 ] and even if immunodeficiency is a clinical condition hard to assess in reptiles, stress could be an important predisposing factor for the developing of systemic mycobacteriosis. Hematologic evaluation provided useful indicators of chronic inflammatory disease, but none were considered specific for mycobacteria infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First case of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei)

Vetere¹,

Bertocchi

Pagano³

et al. 2022

BMC Vet Res

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Background Environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria species that are not members of the M. tuberculosis complex, are ordinary inhabitants of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs and their role in human and animal diseases has been fully recognized. Even if spontaneous mycobacterial infections have been reported in a wide variety of reptiles, this is the first report of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis sustained by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet reptile. Case presentation An adult, wild caught (WC), male Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei) age unknown, was presented for clinical examination due to decreased activity level, decreased appetite and diarrhea. Blood tests showed unreliable results. Coprologic exam showed a moderate to severe presence of flagellates. X rays and ultrasound showed moderate presence of air and faeces in the large intestine. The snake was hospitalized and oral metronidazole was chosen as antiprotozoal agent in association with subcutaneous warm fluids. The snake was discharged after 2 weeks therapy in good clinical condition. Faecal exam resulted negative. One month after, the snake was quickly hospitalized again because of a recrudescence of symptoms. Biochemistry showed severe increase of AST, ALT and biliary acids. Severe leucocytosis and moderate to severe anemia were highlighted. Ultrasound examination revealed a severe diffused alteration of the liver parenchyma and a fine needle aspiration was performed. The cytological diagnosis was mixed inflammation, with a numerous of unstained rod-shaped bacteria both inside macrophages and free in the sample. The snake’s condition rapidly deteriorated and euthanasia was performed. The histology of the coelomic organs confirmed a systemic mycobacteriosis. Real-time PCR identified the mycobacteria as Mycobacterium goodii. Conclusions Species from the genus Mycobacterium are among the most important micro-organism including the causative agents of tuberculosis. Even if the general incidence of disease in reptiles due to mycobacteria is comparatively low, they can serve as reservoirs of many ubiquitous mycobacteria species. Mycobacterium goodii is a rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium that has recently been associated with severe infections in animals and humans. Although in this case the pathogenesis was not completely clear, we highlight the zoonotic risk of mycobacteriosis in exotic animals especially in WC specimens.

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“…Exotic animals are becoming increasingly common pets. It is therefore essential to rely on expert practitioners, as well as to deepen the knowledge related to the diagnostic and therapeutic paths for these species [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella sp.-related infectious spondylitis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

Vetere¹,

Bertocchi

Pelizzone³

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to a destructive process with exuberant new bone formation. Osteomyelitis can produce a distortion of the bone architecture, degenerative joint changes and ankyloses of adjacent vertebrae. In reptiles, intervertebral discs are absent, so the term discospondylitis is not used. In lizards, vertebral lesions have not been well studied. The present paper describes the first case of Klebsiella sp.-related spondylitis in a pet lizard (Pogona vitticeps). Case presentation A 2-year-old, female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for clinical examination due to a decreased activity level, decreased appetite and constipation. Blood tests showed no remarkable alterations. The haemogram showed normal parameters with relative lymphocytosis, although the absolute number of lymphocytes did not differ from the reference values. A computed tomography scan revealed a mixed osteolytic-proliferative bone lesion diffusing to the first and last tracts of the pre-sacral vertebrae together. A small amount of material obtained from the spinal swelling was sampled with an aseptic technique for bacterial culture, which was positive for Klebsiella sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and chloramphenicol and intermediate sensitivity to gentamicin. Complete return to spontaneous feeding was achieved 15 days after the beginning of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions In veterinary medicine, spondylitis represents a well-known disease in small companion animals. In mammals, the most common aetiologic agents are fungi and bacteria. Antibiotic therapy was set based on the antibiogram, and marbofloxacin was chosen at a dosage of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) once per day (SID). After only 7 days of antibiotic therapy, the clinical condition improved significantly; the patient started feeding and drinking spontaneously and gained weight. This case should remind clinicians of the importance of always performing antibiograms before choosing any antibiotic therapy. Considering reptiles, there have been few papers about spinal diseases, mostly regarding snakes and a few about Iguana iguana. Relative to other species of saurians, the literature remains lacking.

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Cytobrushing of the oral mucosa as a possible tool for early detection of testudinid herpesvirus in Horsfield’s tortoises with nonspecific clinical signs

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Approaches to the Issue of Screening for Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: A Present View

Approaches to the Issue of Screening for Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: A Present View

First case of systemic fatal mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium goodii in a pet Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus loveridgei)

Klebsiella sp.-related infectious spondylitis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

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