Approaches to the Issue of Screening for Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: A Present View

Abstract

Pathological processes in the oral mucosa in the structure of visits to the therapeutic dentistry clinic occupy a significant niche among all initial visits. In this regard, in the treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa, it is important to include in the complex of diagnostic and preventive measures, which would make it possible to diagnose the pathological process at the preclinical stage, and would be characterized by minimally invasiveness, long-term accuracy, ease of use and would help accelerate the recovery of the mucous membrane. and microcirculation, while having minimal side effects on the body as a whole and providing the possibility of dynamic observation.
 The purpose of the research is to analyze literature sources in order to comprehensively monitor modern approaches to the issue of screening for diseases of the oral mucosa.
 Materials and methods. Review and analysis of scientific and medical literature based on Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI databases, the study of which does not exceed 5-7 years, including literature reviews and results of clinical studies.
 Research results. In a number of nosological units, changes in the oral mucosa are of a specific nature, when the appearance can make a diagnosis and determine treatment tactics. However, in most cases, the diagnosis of diseases manifested in the oral mucosa is complicated, since the clinical picture is nonspecific and is often aggravated by additional unfavorable local factors. The cellular composition from the lesion, reflecting the dynamics of changes in the mucous membrane during its epithelization, is one of the objective tests for assessing the general condition of the body. Therefore, the study of the processes of differentiation of oral mucosa with an in-depth analysis of the cytological features of various anatomical areas in normal conditions and morphological and cytospecific changes in the presence of an inflammatory process in periodontal tissues is a relevant and promising area of research.