Cystic echinococcosis in Nigeria: first insight into the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus in animals

Abstract

Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of Echinococcus granulosus ( sensu lato ) complex. In Nigeria, reports on the prevalence of CE, although limited, have been found to vary with location and host with higher prevalence and fertility rate observed in camels than other livestock. Until now, information regarding the molecular characteristics, genetic population structure, and genotypes of Echinococcus is lacking. Therefore, this study was aimed at addressing these gaps in knowledge. Methods We describe the genetic status of 31 Echinococcus isolates collected from slaughtered livestock (camels, cattle and goats) based on the full-length mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( nad 1) genes. Results The resulting nucleotide sequences via the NCBI BLAST algorithm and Bayesian phylogeny of cox 1 and cox 1 –nad 1 genes using MrBayes v.3.1.2 showed that all isolates were clearly E. canadensis (G6/G7) and were 99–100% identical to previously reported G6/G7 haplotypes across Europe, Asia, North and East Africa. Conclusions Although, the G1 genotype is believed to be responsible for the majority of global CE burden, reports from a number of West African countries including Nigeria suggest that E. canadensis G6/G7 genotype could be the major causative agent of CE in the subregion. This study provides for the first time insight into the genetic population structure of Echinococcus species as well as implications for CE control in Nigeria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3644-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

First molecular description, phylogeny and genetic variation of Taenia hydatigena from Nigerian sheep and goats based on three mitochondrial genes

“…Meanwhile, genetic variation in other cestodes, e.g. Echinococcus granulosus [15–19] has been found to affect host infectivity, epidemiology, as well as control strategies [20]. Similarly, studies on T. saginata and T. solium mitochondrial genome have also demonstrated intraspecific variation [21–24] suggested to influence the pathological presentations exhibited in different hosts [25].…”

Prevalence and distribution ofEchinococcusspp. in wild and domestic animals across Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In West Africa, although the overall CE prevalence in livestock was low, prevalence of up to 15% and 45% has been reported in camels from Mauritania and Nigeria, respectively, and sometimes higher depending on the area under investigation (Dada, Adegboye, & Mohammed, 1980;Mauti, Traoré, Crump, Zinsstag, & Grimm, 2016;Okolugbo, Luka, & Ndams, 2013). To a large extent, camelid hosts appeared as the major drivers of CE transmission in this region (Dada et al, 1980;Magaji, Onwuegbunam, Sonfada, & Salihu, 2012;Ohiolei, Yan, Li, Magaji, et al, 2019;Okolugbo et al, 2013;Salem, Schneegans, Chollet, & Jemli, 2011). This observation is further supported by the high fertility rates of hydatid cysts in camels (76%-100%) compared to other hosts (Ohiolei, Yan, Li, Magaji, et al, 2019;Salem et al, 2011).…”

Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) (G1, G3) and E. ortleppi (G5) in Pakistan: phylogeny, genetic diversity and population structural analysis based on mitochondrial DNA

“…Positive and negative controls were also used. The PCR conditions were carried out as previously described [ 13 ] in a final volume of 25 μl consisting of 5 μl of 5× Taq buffer, 10 pmol of each primer, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.5 μl of Ex Taq DNA polymerase (5 U/μl; TaKaRa, Kusatsu, Japan), 2 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 μl of genomic DNA extract (≥ 20 ng) and RNAse free water to make up the final volume. Amplicons were visualized in a 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel stained with GelRed TM (Biotium, Fremont, USA).…”