Cystic Change in Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Rare Finding and a Diagnostic Dilemma

Immunohistochemical and karyometric similarities and differences of salivary gland tumors between pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

“…Višegodišnji tumori pokazuju izraženu hijalinizaciju, u tolikoj meri da je epitelna komponenta prisutna u tragovima i sa znacima degeneracije. Takvi tumori predstavljaju veliki rizik za malignu transformaciju [8][9][10] . Imunohistohemijski, epitelne duktalne ćelije su pozitivne na EMA, CEA GFAP, CK14, dok je mioepitelna komponenta pozitivna na αSMA, p63, vimentin, S100 i GFAP.…”

“…Perennial tumors show a pronounced hyalinization, such that the epithelial component is present in traces and with signs of degeneration. Such tumors represent a great risk for malignant transformation [8][9][10] . Immunohistochemically, ductal epithelial cells are positive to EMA, CEA GFAP, CK14, whereas the myoepithelial component is positive to αSMA, p63, vimentin, S100 and GFAP.…”

Xanthogranulomatous change in a pleomorphic adenoma: An extremely rare variant/degenerative change. Is it fine needle aspiration induced?

“…It is arduous to exclude low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma cytologically due to its cystic nature and bland mucin‐secreting cells which are often difficult to discern. The distinctive feature of PA is the metachromatic fibrillar chondromyxoid stroma 4 …”

“…PA is a mixed tumor comprising of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, moreover it is known to exhibit pleomorphism and atypia unlike other benign tumors 1,2 . Cystic change in PAs has been reported variably and may mimic mucoepidermoid carcinoma, mucocele, or carcinoma ex‐PA 3,4 …”

Cystic lesions in the salivary gland. Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology

“…Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be easily used in an outpatient setting to diagnose and manage superficial salivary gland lesions, regardless of their solid and/or cystic or partially cystic components. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In fact, FNAC has gained wide acceptance among clinicians due to the ease with which lesions involving salivary glands can be accessed (especially those affecting the parotid and submandibular glands) and the ability to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions without relying solely on radiological evaluation. [11][12][13][14][15] Despite the fact that the morphological features of salivary gland lesions in FNAC specimens have been well described in the literature, there are some issues with the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the differentiation of some benign and malignant entities.…”