Cyst(e)ine Is the Transport Metabolite of Assimilated Sulfur from Bundle-Sheath to Mesophyll Cells in Maize Leaves1

Burgener, Marta; Suter, Marianne; Jones, Stephanie; Brunold, Christian

doi:10.1104/pp.116.4.1315

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Its accumulation was increased in the BS chloroplasts (twofold), which was consistent with previous localization of primary sulfur assimilation in the BS cells by activity measurements (Burgener et al, 1998). Cystein was proposed to be the transport factor for sulfur between M and BS cells (Burgener et al, 1998). A cystein synthase (TC235388 and TC235390) was slightly higher in the M chloroplast (1.6-fold), suggesting that secondary assimilation of H 2 S takes place in M chloroplasts.…”

Section: S-assimilationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Possibly this is due to the presence of different SOD homologs and different isolation procedures. Comparisons between the total maize leaf extracts and rapid M sap extractions showed that glutathione (Burgener et al, 1998), dehydroascorbate reductase, and GR were localized in the M, while ascorbate peroxidase was found in the total leaf extracts (Doulis et al, 1997). As GR mRNA was distributed in both compartments, a translational regulation mechanism of differential expression was proposed (Pastori et al, 2000).…”

Section: Proteins Involved In Detoxification Of Reactive Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Differentiation of Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll Maize Chloroplasts Determined by Comparative Proteomics

et al. 2005

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Chloroplasts of maize (Zea mays) leaves differentiate into specific bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) types to accommodate C4 photosynthesis. Consequences for other plastid functions are not well understood but are addressed here through a quantitative comparative proteome analysis of purified M and BS chloroplast stroma. Three independent techniques were used, including cleavable stable isotope coded affinity tags. Enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, nitrogen import, and tetrapyrrole and isoprenoid biosynthesis are preferentially located in the M chloroplasts. By contrast, enzymes involved in starch synthesis and sulfur import preferentially accumulate in BS chloroplasts. The different soluble antioxidative systems, in particular peroxiredoxins, accumulate at higher levels in M chloroplasts. We also observed differential accumulation of proteins involved in expression of plastid-encoded proteins (e.g., EF-Tu, EF-G, and mRNA binding proteins) and thylakoid formation (VIPP1), whereas others were equally distributed. Enzymes related to the C4 shuttle, the carboxylation and regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle, and several regulators (e.g., CP12) distributed as expected. However, enzymes involved in triose phosphate reduction and triose phosphate isomerase are primarily located in the M chloroplasts, indicating that the M-localized triose phosphate shuttle should be viewed as part of the BS-localized Calvin cycle, rather than a parallel pathway.

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Section: S-assimilationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Proteins Involved In Detoxification Of Reactive Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Differentiation of Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll Maize Chloroplasts Determined by Comparative Proteomics

et al. 2005

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“…With regard to synthesis within the principal maize leaf photosynthetic tissues, i.e. the M and BS cells, a previous study using rapid tissue fractionation techniques showed that GSH-S activity was enriched in tissues other than the BS, though no data was reported for g-ECS (Burgener et al, 1998). Our results suggest that g-ECS and GSH-S proteins are found in both cell types, as well as in the epidermal cells (Fig.…”

Section: Although Global Leaf G-ecs Total Protein and Activity Are Nomentioning

confidence: 45%

“…In maize, our knowledge of the regulation of glutathione biosynthesis during the chilling response is limited by the lack of gene sequences for any C 4 or monocotyledonous species and by the absence of expression data for g-ECS and GSH-S during chilling. The regulation of glutathione synthesis in maize is further complicated by data that suggest that, whereas Cys synthesis occurs exclusively in the BS, GSH-S activity is located primarily in the M cells (Burgener et al, 1998). No data has yet appeared on g-ECS localization in maize leaves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular Distribution of Glutathione Synthesis in Maize Leaves and Its Response to Short-Term Chilling

et al. 2004

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To investigate the intercellular control of glutathione synthesis and its influence on leaf redox state in response to short-term chilling, genes encoding g-glutamylcysteine synthetase (g-ECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) were cloned from maize (Zea mays) and specific antibodies produced. These tools were used to provide the first information on the intercellular distribution of g-ECS and GSH-S transcript and protein in maize leaves, in both optimal conditions and chilling stress. A 2-d exposure to low growth temperatures (chill) had no effect on leaf phenotype, whereas return to optimal temperatures (recovery) caused extensive leaf bleaching. The chill did not affect total leaf GSH-S transcripts but strongly induced g-ECS mRNA, an effect reversed during recovery. The chilling-induced increase in g-ECS transcripts was not accompanied by enhanced total leaf g-ECS protein or extractable activity. In situ hybridization and immunolocalization of leaf sections showed that g-ECS and GSH-S transcripts and proteins were found in both the bundle sheath (BS) and the mesophyll cells under optimal conditions. Chilling increased g-ECS transcript and protein in the BS but not in the mesophyll cells. Increased BS g-ECS was correlated with a 2-fold increase in both leaf Cys and g-glutamylcysteine, but leaf total glutathione significantly increased only in the recovery period, when the reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio decreased 3-fold. Thus, while there was a specific increase in the potential contribution of the BS cells to glutathione synthesis during chilling, it did not result in enhanced leaf glutathione accumulation at low temperatures. Return to optimal temperatures allowed glutathione to increase, particularly glutathione disulfide, and this was associated with leaf chlorosis.

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“…The intracellular compartmentalization was determined based first on the MetaCrop database (Schreiber et al, 2012), literature sources (Friso et al, 2010;Chang et al, 2012), compartmentalization information in the MaizeCyc database, and finally the Plant Proteomics Database (Sun et al, 2009). An original set of intercellular and intracellular transporters was determined based on literature evidence (Alberte and Thornber, 1977;Leegood, 1985;Stitt and Heldt, 1985;Furbank et al, 1989;Weiner and Heldt, 1992;Doulis et al, 1997;Burgener et al, 1998;Taniguchi et al, 2004;Sowi nski et al, 2008;Friso et al, 2010). In the subsequent standardization step, the MetRxn knowledgebase (Kumar et al, 2012) as well as manual curation were used to standardize the description of metabolites and reactions such as fixing stoichiometric errors (i.e.…”

Section: Model Development and Curationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Metabolic Impact of Nitrogen Availability Using a Compartmentalized Maize Leaf Genome-Scale Model

et al. 2014

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Maize (Zea mays) is an important C 4 plant due to its widespread use as a cereal and energy crop. A second-generation genomescale metabolic model for the maize leaf was created to capture C 4 carbon fixation and investigate nitrogen (N) assimilation by modeling the interactions between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. The model contains gene-protein-reaction relationships, elemental and charge-balanced reactions, and incorporates experimental evidence pertaining to the biomass composition, compartmentalization, and flux constraints. Condition-specific biomass descriptions were introduced that account for amino acids, fatty acids, soluble sugars, proteins, chlorophyll, lignocellulose, and nucleic acids as experimentally measured biomass constituents. Compartmentalization of the model is based on proteomic/transcriptomic data and literature evidence. With the incorporation of information from the MetaCrop and MaizeCyc databases, this updated model spans 5,824 genes, 8,525 reactions, and 9,153 metabolites, an increase of approximately 4 times the size of the earlier iRS1563 model. Transcriptomic and proteomic data have also been used to introduce regulatory constraints in the model to simulate an N-limited condition and mutants deficient in glutamine synthetase, gln1-3 and gln1-4. Model-predicted results achieved 90% accuracy when comparing the wild type grown under an N-complete condition with the wild type grown under an N-deficient condition.

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Cyst(e)ine Is the Transport Metabolite of Assimilated Sulfur from Bundle-Sheath to Mesophyll Cells in Maize Leaves1

Cited by 68 publications

References 47 publications

Functional Differentiation of Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll Maize Chloroplasts Determined by Comparative Proteomics

Functional Differentiation of Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll Maize Chloroplasts Determined by Comparative Proteomics

Intercellular Distribution of Glutathione Synthesis in Maize Leaves and Its Response to Short-Term Chilling

Assessing the Metabolic Impact of Nitrogen Availability Using a Compartmentalized Maize Leaf Genome-Scale Model

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