Cypermethrin-Induced Liver Histopathology in Rat: Protective Role of Jamun Seed and Orange Peel Extracts

Abstract

Background: We evaluated ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat. Methods: Rats were given following treatments daily for 30 d: Group A: Control Group B: Rats received cypermethrin Group C: These rats received cypermethrin and Jamun seed extract simultaneously Group D: These rats received cypermethrin and orange peel extract simultaneously Group E: Rats received orange peel extract Group F: Rats received Jamun seed extract In respective groups dose of cypermethrin, Jamun seed and orange peel extract were 25 mg/ kg body wt, 200 mg/kg body wt and 200 mg/kg body wt, respectively. Liver was fixed for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: After 15 d cypermethrin or cypermethrin+JSE or cypermethrin+OPE treatment hepatocytes exhibited increased cell size, nuclei became more hyperchromatic and hypertrophied. Degeneration of nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids have been noticed. After 30 d cypermethrin treatment hepatocytes exhibit more pronounced hypertrophy with hyperchromatic nuclei. Few hepatocytes exhibit nuclei with irregular boundaries. Hepatocytes show foamy cytoplasm and few vacuoles. Focal necrosis visible at certain places. Binucleated cells are also encountered. In cypermethrin+JSE and cypermethrin+OPE treated rats, hepatocytes exhibit hypertrophy, hyperchromatic nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids. Degeneration of hepatocytes are seen at some places, however, focal necrosis is not seen in these groups. No noticeable histological alterations are seen in orange peel extract (group E) and jamun seed extract (group F) treated rats. Conclusion: Cypermethrin induced hepatic toxicity can be protected by treatment with Jamun seed and orange peel extract.

Ameliorative Effects of Amla Fruit Pulp Extract and Selenium on Dimethoate Induced Alteration in Serum Calcium and Phosphate Level of Rats

“…In the present study dimethoate treated rats exhibited hypocalcemia. This is in agreement with reports of other investigators who have also noticed hypocalcemia after exposure to different toxicants in rats: diazinon (Rangoonwala et al, 2005), mipcin (Rangoonwala et al, 2007), cypermethrin (Rangoonwala et al, 2008), heroin (Barai et al, 2009), cadmium (Tripathi and Srivastav, 2011b), chlorpyrifos (Tripathi et al, 2013), microcystin LR (Srivastava et al, 2020), cypermetrin (Srivastava et al, 2021); in chickens: gamma benzene hexachloride and quinalphos (Agarwal et al, 2009); and in frogs: chlorpyrifos (Srivastav et al, 2018) and cadmium (Srivastav et al, 2019). Hypocalcemia in toxicant exposed fish has also been reported-deltamethrin (Srivastav et al, 1997b; aldrin (Singh et al, 1996); malachite green (Srivastava et al, 1995); formothion (Singh et al, 1997); cadmium (Rai and Srivastav, 2003;Chowdhary et al, 2004;Suzuki et al, 2004), cypermethrin (Mishra et al, 2010), herbal pesticides (Kumar et al, 2011 a, b;Prasad et al, 2011a, b) and dimethoate (Pandey and Das, 2015).…”

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizome Extract and Selenium Protect Effects of Nerium indicum Leaf Extract on Serum Calcium and Phosphate of Male Wistar Rats

“…This is agreement with the report of Prasad et al (2011a) who have noticed hypophosphatemia in the fish Heteropneustes fossilis after Nerium indicum extract treatment. The present study also derives support from the observations of other workers as they also recorded decreased level of inorganic phosphate levels in--(i) rats-cypermetrin (Srivastava et al, 2021); chlorpyrifos (Tripathi et al, 2013), cadmium (Tripathi and Srivastav, 2011b), microcystin LR (Moreno et al, 2003;Srivastava et al, 2020), and (ii) in chickensgamma benzene hexachloride and quinalphos (Agarwal et al, 2009). Srivastav et al (2018 reported hypophosphatemia in frog after treatment with chlorpyrifos.…”

“…In rabbit serum calcium levels showed insignificant decrease after 2 weeks oral administration of Nerium oleander (Farkhondeh et al, 2020). The observed hypocalcemia in the present study after Nerium indicum leaves extract treatment derives support from other studies in which hypocalcemia has been recorded after exposure to different toxicants in rats (cypermethrin-- Srivastava et al, 2021;microcystin LR --Srivastava et al, 2020;chlorpyrifos --Tripathi et al, 2013;cadmium--Tripathi and Srivastav, 2011b;heroin--Barai et al, 2009;cypermethrin--Rangoonwala et al, 2008, mipcin--Rangoonwala et al, 2007diazinon--Rangoonwala et al, 2005), in chickens (gamma benzene hexachloride and quinalphos-- Agarwal et al, 2009);and in frogs (chlorpyrifos--Srivastav et al, 2018;cadmium--Srivastav et al, 2019). Few investigators have reported hypocalcemia in fish after exposure to toxicants--herbal pesticides (Kumar et al, 2011 a, b;Prasad et al, 2011b), lead (Srivastav et al, 2013), deltamethrin (Srivastav et al, 1997b, 2010, aldrin (Singh et al, 1996), malachite green (Srivastava et al, 1995), formothion (Singh et al, 1997), cadmium (Rai and Srivastav, 2003, Chowdhary et al, 2004, Suzuki et al, 2004, cypermethrin (Mishra et al, 2010) Exposure of Nerium indicum leaves extract to rats provoked hypophosphatemia.…”

Protective Effect of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) Seed and Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Extracts Against Lead-Induced Alteration in Liver Biomarkers of Rats

“…Purified lead nitrate [Pb (NO3)] was purchased from Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India and dissolved in distilled water to obtain the desired dose. Orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed extracts were prepared according to Srivastava et al, (2021a, 2021b, Yadav et al, 2023b. The present study was approved by the Research Degree Committee (RC/FSc/ZOO/2019-2020/07/22), D.D.U.…”

“…It causes renal, neurological, embryonic, immunological, respiratory, cardiovascular, skeletal, haematological, reproductive and hepatic disorders (Melebary and Elnaggar, 2023). Jamun (Syzygium cumini, family Myrtaceae) commonly known as black plum and Indian blackberry (Srivastava et al, 2021a;Qamar et al, 2022, Yadav et al, 2023b. Jamun bark seed and fruit pulp containspolyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic, anthocyanins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, alkaloids, ellagic acid, glycoside, isoquercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, tannins, flavonols and flavone (Rizvi et al, 2022).…”