Cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and imidacloprid exposure up-regulates the mRNA and protein levels of bdnf and c-fos in the brain of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Hesperidin protects against the chlorpyrifos‐induced chronic hepato‐renal toxicity in rats associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and up‐regulation of PARP‐1/VEGF

“…CPF residue accumulation in the environment has been associated with serious adverse reactions in livestock and humans. 2 CPF chronic toxicity activates many biological pathways, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by inhibiting sodium and calcium channels. 52 The liver plays an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and environmental chemicals.…”

“…both agricultural and non-agricultural environments. 1,2 Humans and animals may be exposed to CPF by oral, dermal, and inhalation routes, and, to date, many studies have been conducted on its toxicity. [3][4][5] It has also been suggested that CPF toxicity causes oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in vital organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, and testis.…”

“…[3][4][5] It has also been suggested that CPF toxicity causes oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in vital organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, and testis. 2,[5][6][7][8] In recent studies, many biomarkers are used for oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), apoptosis-related cysteine protease (Caspase 3), B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2 associated x protein (Bax), ve Coiled-Coil, and Moesin-Like BCL2-Interacting Protein (Beclin1) . [9][10][11][12][13][14] In recent studies, it has been determined that acute and chronic CPF toxicity causes DNA damage.…”

“…In these studies, DNA damage was demonstrated with 8-hydroxy-2 0 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker. 2,5 Another DNA damage biomarker is Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) which is the most comprehensive nuclear enzyme in the PARP superfamily. Regarding DNA damage, PARP-1 uses NAD + as the substrate and catalyzes the addition of mono-ADPribose or PAR to different receptor proteins, including PARP-1, this is the earliest response to DNA damage.…”

Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

“…One of the intracellular target molecules of IL-1 is the transcription factor c-Fos, which is a potent activator of glutamate receptors that induce neuroapoptosis [[40], [41], [42], [43]]. Özdemir et al reported that the acute toxicity of various pesticides (Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin, and Imidacloprid) in zebrafish brain increased the expression of the c-Fos gene [44]. Rogers et al proposed that overexpression of c-Fos mRNA might be used as an indicator of excitotoxicity in in vitro neuronal cell systems [45].…”