Cymene and Metformin treatment effect on biochemical parameters of male NMRI mice fed with high fat diet

Abstract

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of obesity is considered a serious global health threat. Mainly due to change of diet and reduced physical activity, obesity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases. A higher level of cytokines and a general inflammatory state has also been associated with this condition. With this regard, potential anti-obesity compounds with anti-inflammatory properties could be beneficial in better control of the disease. p-Cymene is a natural aromatic compound that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, while the antidiabetic drug metformin has been observed to be effective as an aid for weight loss. In this study, the effect of these comounds was compared in a high fat diet treated mice model.Methods48 adult NMRI mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group receiving a normal diet, high fat diet (HFD) fed control group, sham group receiving HFD and sunflower seed oil, Experimental group1 (E1) receiving HFD and 20 mg/kg metformin, Experimental group2 (E2) receiving 20 mg/kg metformin and 20 mg/kg p-cymene, Experimental group3 (E3) receiving 20 mg/kg p-cymene. Compounds were administered by intragastric gavage for 45 days.ResultsNon-fasting glucose serum levels, ALT, and ALP of E2 and E3 decreased significantly compared to HFD control group. In the E3 group, AST levels decrease was also significant. In E1, non-fasting glucose and TG serum levels decreased significantly compared to HFD control group. Histological observations on liver tissue showed an increase of lipid droplets in the HFD control group compared with the normal group, while upon treatment with the compounds, lipid droplets decreased and the cells appeared to be more ordered.Conclusionp-Cymene has a potential to ameliorate biochemical parameters in high fat diet treated mice, and its concurrent use with metformin was effective.

Therapeutic Effect of P-Cymene on Lipid Profile, Liver Enzyme, and Akt/Mtor Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats

“…Administration of p-cymene in the current study ameliorated adverse features induced by streptozotocin. P-cymene treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum glucose levels of diabetic rats in a similar way to metformin, which is in line with the results of Lotfi et al [ 30 ]. They showed that p-cymene and metformin, alone or in combination, can decrease the blood amounts of glucose in mice with a high-fat diet [ 30 ].…”

“…The animals with glucose levels greater than 300 mg/dl were considered diabetic and selected for further study. P-cymene was used at a dose of 25, 50, and 100, according to previous studies [ 22 , 30 ].…”

High-Fat Diet and Alcohol Intake Promotes Inflammation and Impairs Skin Wound Healing in Wistar Rats

“…Acetaldehyde oxidation and pH alterations to the epidermis stratum corneum were also reported as factors extending the inflammation process in scar tissue when ethanol consumption is involved [ 2 ]. Increased tissue oxidative stress was also observed in studies using fat diets [ 13 , 62 ]. According to Nascimento and Monte-Alto-Costa [ 36 ], obese mice had higher lipid peroxidation compared to normal weight mice, which indicates cell membrane disorganization in the overweight group.…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenoids: An Update

“…Additionally, a slight alteration was detected in lipid profile. Interestingly, the effects of p -cymene were comparable with metformin [ 163 ]. Similar findings were also observed with thymol [ 152 ].…”