Cylindrospermopsin directly disrupts spermatogenesis in isolated male zebrafish testis

Moraes, A.C.N.; Fallah, Hamideh P.; Magalhães, Valéria Freitas de; Habibi, Hamid R.

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113891

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Conversely, pure CYN did show binding affinity to the estrogen receptor [113]. Although studies dealing with CYN are very limited, and the results obtained were also variable, it showed ED effects mediated by changes in the transcript levels of related hormones, apoptosis induction [114], changes in thyroid-hormone-related genes [116], oxidative stress [117], or alterations in hormone levels [114,115].…”

Section: General Discussion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This makes it difficult to establish certainties regarding the ED activity of cyanotoxins. Moreover, there was a study conducted with MC-LR [3] and a study conducted on CYN [114] that reported non-monotonic responses, a phenomenon frequently described for endocrine disruptors, but without standardized approaches in a risk assessment context [118].…”

Section: General Discussion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved on the effects of CYN on male reproduction by inducing apoptosis and altering gonadotropins, as well as changing production of T and igf3. The last fact, inhibition of igf3 by CYN, could be a contributing factor in the mechanisms of CYN-induced impairment of differentiated spermatogonia development [114].…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, the direct role of CYN on testicular function and spermatogenesis in aquatic organisms has been studied using ex vivo cultures of zebrafish testes as experimental models [114]. After exposure to CYN (250-1000 µg/L CYN for 24 h and 7d), the toxin reduced the basal-and gonadotropin-induced process of spermatogenesis, and it may have contributed to a decrease in fertility.…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Endocrine Disruption of Cyanobacterial Toxins, Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin: A Review

Casas-Rodríguez

Cameán

Jos

2022

Toxins

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Microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), although classified as hepatotoxins and cytotoxins, respectively, have been shown to also induce toxic effects in many other systems and organs. Among them, their potential endocrine disruption (ED) activity has been scarcely investigated. Considering the increasing relevance of ED on humans, mammals, and aquatic organisms, this work aimed to review the state-of-the-art regarding the toxic effects of MCs and CYN at this level. It has been evidenced that MCs have been more extensively investigated than CYN. Reported results are contradictory, with the presence or absence of effects, but experimental conditions also vary to a great extent. In general, both toxins have shown ED activity mediated by very different mechanisms, such as estrogenic responses via a binding estrogen receptor (ER), pathological changes in several organs and cells (testis, ovarian cells), and a decreased gonad-somatic index. Moreover, toxic effects mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in transcriptional responses on several endocrine axes and steroidogenesis-related genes, and changes in hormone levels have also been reported. Further research is required in a risk assessment frame because official protocols for assessment of endocrine disrupters have not been used. Moreover, the use of advanced techniques would aid in deciphering cyanotoxins dose-response relationships in relation to their ED potential.

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Section: General Discussion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: General Discussion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Endocrine Disruption of Cyanobacterial Toxins, Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin: A Review

Casas-Rodríguez

Cameán

Jos

2022

Toxins

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“…Further, CYN reduced the expression of 3βhsd, which might affect progesterone synthesis from pregnenolone and synthesis of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxypregnenolone in the ovary and induce the aromatase cyp19a1, a key player in the biosynthesis of estrogens [ 159 ]. Following exposure to CYN, prominent histopathological alterations and a decrease in cell types from all three phases of spermatogenesis in zebrafish testis, as well as testosterone secretion and changes in fshr, lhr, and igf3 expression, were noted [ 160 ]. While the effects of MCs and CYN on fish cannot be directly compared due to a lack of evidence, it can be unambiguously indicated that exposure to both cyanotoxins can adversely affect fish reproduction.…”

Section: Endocrine Disruption In Fish Induced By Cyanotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Common Cyanotoxins and Their Effects on Fish

Falfushynska

Kasianchuk

Siemens

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Global warming and human-induced eutrophication drive the occurrence of various cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. These metabolites reveal diversified mechanisms of action, encompassing cyto-, neuro-, hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, and pose a threat to aquatic biota and human health. In the present paper, we review data on the occurrence of the most studied cyanotoxins, microcystins, nodularins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins, and saxitoxins, in the aquatic environment, as well as their potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Microcystins are the most studied among all known cyanotoxins, although other toxic cyanobacterial metabolites are also commonly identified in aquatic environments and can reveal high toxicity in fish. Except for primary toxicity signs, cyanotoxins adversely affect the antioxidant system and anti-/pro-oxidant balance. Cyanotoxins also negatively impact the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, fish exposed to microcystins and cylindrospermopsin exhibit various immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and endocrine responses. Even though cyanotoxins exert a complex pressure on fish, numerous aspects are yet to be the subject of in-depth investigation. Metabolites other than microcystins should be studied more thoroughly to understand the long-term effects in fish and provide a robust background for monitoring and management actions.

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