“…1,2 Currently, there are many immunosuppressive drugs available such as cortisol, cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, rapamycin, and rituximab. [2][3][4] They are mainly used for organ transplantation to resist rejection and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, dermatomycosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, inammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, etc. 1,2 Despite their strong clinical advantages, these immunosuppressive agents still have unavoidable and serious side effects, such as renal and liver toxicity, infection, malignancy and other cosmetic effects.…”