Cyclopiazonic acid production by submerged cultures ofPenicilliumandAspergillusstrains

Abstract

62 isolates of Penicillium and Aspergillus were screened for cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) production by surface and submerged culture on different media. The production of this mycotoxin was restricted to Penicillium camembertii group II (and its domesticated form P. camembertii), P. griseofulvum, and Aspergillus flavus (and its domesticated form A. oryzae). The best yield of CPA was obtained by a strain of P. griseofulvum, but several strains of P. camembertii group II were also good producers. Propionic acid (500 and 1000 mg/l medium) did not enhance the production of CPA. The best yields of CPA were obtained in submerged culture, but in some cases growth and CPA production only occured in surface culture. A simplified procedure for isolation of CPA is described.

Prenylated indole derivatives from fungi: structure diversity, biological activities, biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis

“…The fungal neurotoxin a-cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) (81), a nanomolar inhibitor of Ca 2+ -ATPase, 114 has a pentacyclic indole tetramic acid scaffold and was firstly isolated from Penicillium cyclopium 115 and followed by a large number of Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. 57,[116][117][118][119] a-Cyclopiazonic acid (81) was often found as a contaminant in food and feeds 117,119,120 Rugulovasines A (82) and B ( 83) and their chlorinated derivatives were identified as a small group of C4-prenylated tryptophan derivatives in several Penicillium strains. [121][122][123] 2.7 Prenylated indole-diterpenes Indole-diterpenes with a minimal structure (84) are a large, structurally and functionally diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi with a common cyclic diterpen backbone and an indole residue.…”

Nematicidal Activity of Cyclopiazonic Acid Derived From Penicillium commune Against Root-Knot Nematodes and Optimization of the Culture Fermentation Process

“…Both A. flavus JCK-4087 and P. commune KACC 45973 were found to produce CPA as a nematicidal metabolite. CPA has been reported to be produced by many fungal strains belonging to the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus ( Hermansen et al, 1984 ; Trucksess et al, 1987 ; Ostry et al, 2018 ). The metabolite is toxic at high concentrations ( Purchase, 1971 ; Van Rensburg, 1984 ; Morrissey et al, 1985 ) and has antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), B. subtilis , and S. aureus ( Shang et al, 2012 ; Hong et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Overall, the maximum CPA production obtained (381.48 mg L –1 ) by P. commune KACC 45973 is greater than that by P. commune (3.99 mg L –1 ) ( Gqaleni et al, 1996 ) and A. flavus (6.256 mg L –1 ) ( Gqaleni et al, 1997 ) in the previous studies. Both P. commune IMI87247 and P. commune NRRL891 strains have been reported to produce CPA on GMP agar medium but not in submerged medium ( Hermansen et al, 1984 ). In our study, CPA was produced in a submerged medium by P. commune KACC 45973.…”

“…Because the fungal strain also produced aflatoxins, which are very strong carcinogenic mycotoxins, JCK-4087 cannot be used as a microbial nematicide. Therefore, we obtained six P. commune strains, known as CPA producers ( Hermansen et al, 1984 ; Gqaleni et al, 1996 ; Ostry et al, 2018 ), from the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). The J2s mortality of culture filtrates and ethyl acetate extracts of the six strains was tested against M. incognita as described ( Cayrol et al, 1989 ; Nguyen et al, 2018 ).…”

“…However, A. flavus JCK-4087 also produced aflatoxins toxic to mammals ( Abnet, 2007 ; Shephard, 2008 ; Zain, 2011 ). Therefore, six strains of P. commune were obtained from the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, which are known as CPA producers ( Hermansen et al, 1984 ; Gqaleni et al, 1996 ; Ostry et al, 2018 ), were used in this study. Then, one strain was selected for further study.…”