Cyclopeptide-Containing Mushrooms: The Deadly Amanitas

Zilker, Thomas; Faulstich, Heinz

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_117-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Unconjugated bilirubin rises within a few hours after ingesting Paxillus involutus, whereas conjugated bilirubin is elevated only a few days after amatoxin consumption. Mycological identification of the consumed mushroom is another important aid in the diagnosis [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global fatality rate due to the consumption of poisonous mushrooms is at least one hundred persons per year, whereas this is likely to be an underestimated number [1]. Intoxications with amatoxin containing mushrooms are by far the most common cause for fatal mushroom poisonings [2][3][4], of which Amanita phalloides plays a leading role [5]. Amatoxins in Amanita phalloides, commonly referred to as the death cap mushroom, can cause potentially fatal hepatotoxicity in the consumer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal Immunohaemolysis after the Consumption of the Poison Pax Mushroom: A Focus on the Diagnosis of the Paxillus Syndrome with the Aid of Two Case Reports

Stöver¹,

Haberl

Helmreich³

et al. 2019

Diagnostics

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This retrospective report focuses on the diagnosis of the Paxillus syndrome, based on two fatal cases of haemolysis following the consumption of Paxillus involutus. These mushrooms are still consumed regularly, despite earlier reports of life-threatening autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Such cases are nevertheless rare, and thus far no toxin could be identified that causes this unusual form of mushroom poisoning. All these factors contribute to the difficulty in diagnosing the Paxillus syndrome. The following aspects support the diagnosis in the two cases presented here: Both patients consumed the mushroom oftentimes before, yet allegedly without ill effects. Symptoms occurred 2–3 h after the last consumption, exacerbating into circulatory collapse, multiorgan failure, and death. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was identified as cause of death by autopsy of patient 1. Patient 2 died of multiorgan failure, mainly hepatic. Our mycological analyses could identify the consumed mushroom in both cases as Paxillus involutus. Furthermore, we could exclude anticoagulants and several other drugs as trigger for the haemolysis by post-mortem toxicological analysis. However, findings in each of the two cases may have led to the haemolysis, independent of the consumption of Paxillus involutus. Patient 1 carried the anti-erythrocytic antibody, auto-anti-e. Patient 2 contracted chronic hepatitis C years prior to the current incident. Considering the rarity of the Paxillus syndrome, our findings suggest that these patients were particularly susceptible for haemolysis after consuming this mushroom over a prolonged period. Occurrence of the Paxillus syndrome may thus be restricted to regular consumers of Paxillus involutus mushrooms with an existing predisposition for haemolysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Immunohaemolysis after the Consumption of the Poison Pax Mushroom: A Focus on the Diagnosis of the Paxillus Syndrome with the Aid of Two Case Reports

Stöver¹,

Haberl

Helmreich³

et al. 2019

Diagnostics

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Defining a Role of Amanita phalloides Toxins in Cancer: Research and Therapy

Talib

2021

JLBSR

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Despite the progress of diagnostic and therapy, the cancer burden is still rising worldwide. The new chemotherapeutical toxicity to somatic cells and its tolerance to tumor cells illustrates the immediate demand through recent pharmaceutical products with less harmful impacts. The use of natural anticancer products, like alpha-amanitin toxins have reached the cancer field therapy since the separation of Amanita phalloides fungi was performed. Application of Amanita phalloides affects tumor cell activity. It is thought that Amanita phalloides dilutions are recommended for a patient suffering from various cancer types and have no severe side effects resulting from amanita therapy. This review aims to explain the use of the therapeutic potential of -amanitin toxin against different cancer types.

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Cyclopeptide-Containing Mushrooms: The Deadly Amanitas

Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

Fatal Immunohaemolysis after the Consumption of the Poison Pax Mushroom: A Focus on the Diagnosis of the Paxillus Syndrome with the Aid of Two Case Reports

Fatal Immunohaemolysis after the Consumption of the Poison Pax Mushroom: A Focus on the Diagnosis of the Paxillus Syndrome with the Aid of Two Case Reports

Defining a Role of Amanita phalloides Toxins in Cancer: Research and Therapy

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