Cyclodextrin functionalized polymers as drug delivery systems

Abstract

Cyclodextrins belong to the most important and promising macrocyclic hosts, since they are inexpensive, water-soluble natural products, non-toxic, readily functionalized and commercially available. Cyclodextrin chemistry creates lots of research areas. The present review focuses on investigations of cyclodextrins in polymer chemistry and their applications in drug delivery systems. Click reactions as a possibility to obtain polymer chains with covalently attached cyclodextrins are described, and examples for the application of such polymers in drug delivery are shown.

Dynamic Macromolecular Material Design—The Versatility of Cyclodextrin‐Based Host–Guest Chemistry

“…Drug delivery is one of the most promising applications of CD-based materials,e specially because CD host-guest chemistry occurs in aqueous solutions and the utilization of unfunctionalized CDs in drug delivery is already established. [22] Thus,t he basic requirement of drugdelivery systems,namely biocompatibility,isf ulfilled at least for the CD moiety.Certainly,the entire system-including the CD complex and attached polymers-have to be assessed for afull statement of biocompatibility.…”

“…Thek ey property of CDs is their ability to form supramolecular associations with hydrophobic molecules in aqueous environments.Consequently,various CD complexes have found ab road array of applications in soft matter materials and polymer science,f or example,i ns upramolecular polymers, [16] self-healing materials, [17] hydrogels, [18] amphiphiles, [19] bioactive materials, [20] polymerization reactions, [21] drug delivery, [22] spatially controlled surface functionalization on CD monolayers (molecular printboards), [23] and responsive nanostructures. [12b] Synthetic macromolecular building blocks offer av ast range of property profiles that can be finely tuned and utilized to form well-defined complex macromolecular architecDynamic and adaptive materials are powerful constructs in macromolecular and polymer chemistry with awide array of applications in drug delivery,bioactive systems,and self-healing materials.V ery often, dynamic materials are based on carefully tailored cyclodextrin hostguest interactions.T he precise incorporation of these host and guest moieties into macromolecular building blocks allows the formation of complex macromolecular structures with predefined functions.Thus, dynamic materials with extraordinary adaptive property profilesresponsive to thermal, chemical, and photonic fields-become accessible.T his Review explores the hierarchical formation of dynamic materials and complex macromolecular structures from the molecular via the macromolecular to the colloidal and macroscopic level, with aspecific emphasis on the functionality and responsiveness of the assemblies,s pecifically in biological contexts.…”

Inclusion and Functionalization of Polymers with Cyclodextrins: Current Applications and Future Prospects

“…The triazol linker is relatively stable toward cleavage, oxidation, or reduction. Click reactions as a possibility to obtain polymer chains with covalently attached CDs and examples of the application of such polymers in drug delivery have been reported [22].…”

“…Environmental purposes: detoxification of wastewater, color removal, concentration and purification of solutions [19] Delivery of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil used as ambient odors [39] Retention of aroma compounds of Mentha piperita esential oil [40] Adsorption of pesticides from water [41] Removal of Cu 2+ from aqueous solutionss [42] β-CD and anionic and cationic acrylamide Enhancement of oil recovery [22] Chemically cross-linked and grafted cyclodextrins Drug release from hydrogels [28] α-, β-and γ-CDs functionalized with acrylic groups Aqueous nanogels [43] β-CD polymer/tungsten carbide Adsorption of rutin [26] β-CD, acrylic acid, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide Hydrogel for the removal of heavy metal ions [44] Oligosaccharide γ-CD with dibasic acid dichlorides Adsorption of polychlorobiphenyl contaminants in oil [45] β-CD-citric acid Drug delivery of ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) and prednisolone (an anti-inflammatory drug) [46] β-CD-dextran polymers Drug delivery [47] HPγ-CD polymer and sulfobutylether-β-CD with epichlorohydrin Adsorption of ionizable oxytetracycline antibiotics [48] Phosphorous-containing β-CD polymers 1-adamantyl acetic acid, or with divalent cations, such as Ca 2+ [49] CD crosslinked with 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) Removal of patulin from apple juice [50] Glycidyl methacrylate alone or in combination with β-CD Incorporation of insecticide in cotton textiles [51] α-CD-polymer gels with various poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based copolymers Delivery of vancomycin for the treatment of bone infections [52] From β-CD and sulfobutylether-β-CD with epichlorohydrin Solubilization of repaglinide (hypoglycemic agent) [53] β-CD-ionic liquid polymer with 1-benzylimidazole and crosslinked using toluenediisocyanate Sorption capacity and high removal towards phenols and arsenic(V) [54] Carboxymethyl-hydroxypropyl-β-CD polymer-modified Fe 3 O 4 magnetic particles (CM-HP-β-CDCP-MNPs)…”

Untitled

“…The cavity size of α-CD is insufficient to entrap the drugs into its cavity. [44][45][46] α-CDs are the most efficient in extracting phospholipids.…”