Cyclodextrin-erythromycin complexes as a drug delivery device for orthopedic application

Abstract

Background Erythromycin, a hydrophobic antibiotic used to treat infectious diseases, is now gaining attention because of its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to inhibit osteoclasts formation. The aim of this study was to explore a cyclodextrin-erythromycin (CD-EM) complex for sustained treatment of orthopedic inflammation. Methods and results Erythromycin was reacted with β-cyclodextrin to form a nonhost-guest CD-EM complex using both kneading and stirring approaches. Physiochemical measurement data indicated that erythromycin and cyclodextrin formed a packing complex driven by intermolecular forces instead of a host-guest structure due to the limited space in the inner cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The CD-EM complex improved the stability of erythromycin in aqueous solution and had a longer duration of bactericidal activity than free erythromycin. Cytotoxicity and cell differentiation were evaluated in both murine MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The CD-EM complex was noncytotoxic and showed significant inhibition of osteoclast formation but had little effect on osteoblast viability and differentiation. Conclusion These attributes are especially important for the delivery of an adequate amount of erythromycin to the site of periprosthetic inflammation and reducing local inflammation in a sustained manner.

Synthesis and Characterization of γ-CD-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles and Its Adsorption Performance for Different Types of Organic Dyes

“…In addition, the peak at 2θ value of 22.8° in TiO 2 /γCD XRD pattern confirmed that the γCD molecules were successfully attached onto TiO 2 surface . Furthermore, the broad diffraction peaks in the TiO 2 /γCD NPs are due to the presence of abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on TiO 2 NPs . These results clearly exhibited that the γCD molecules were successfully cross-linked to the TiO2 NPs.…”

“…42 Furthermore, the broad diffraction peaks in the TiO 2 /γCD NPs are due to the presence of abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on TiO 2 NPs. 43 These results clearly exhibited that the γCD molecules were successfully cross-linked to the TiO2 NPs.…”

Death effects of reveromycin A in normal and disease‐associated cells of the joint

“…That list includes saurolactam, enoxacin, bisenoxacin, concanamycin A, bafilomycin A1, erythromycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and brefeldin A. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] From this list erythromycin, specifically erythromycin complexed to a cyclodextrin carrier, returns a hit when "joint" and "arthritis" terms are also entered in the search query. In addition to inhibiting osteoclast formation, erythromycin complexed to cyclodextrin showed a longer lasting bactericidal action than uncomplexed erythromycin, thereby demonstrating potential for periprosthetic inflammation reduction.…”

Electrospinning pectin-based nanofibers: a parametric and cross-linker study

“…The cell culture medium was then replaced with fresh culture medium supplemented with various nanofibers (1 mg/mL) for 24 h after cell seeding. Cell toxicity was determined by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from membrane integrity-compromised cells into the culture medium at different time points using a Cytotoxicity Detection Kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) following the manufacturer's instructions (Song et al 2011). Briefly, 100 μL of culture medium was added into a plate of 96 wells, mixed with 100 μL working solution, and incubated at room temperature for 30 min in the dark.…”