Synthesis and Characterization of γ-CD-Modified TiO₂ Nanoparticles and Its Adsorption Performance for Different Types of Organic Dyes

Abstract

In this work, γ-cyclodextrin-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient nanoadsorbent were synthesized and used to remove methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), disperse red 1 (DR1), acid blue 113 (AB113), and congo red (CR) dyes from synthetic wastewater. Characterization of cyclodextrin-functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles using Fourier transform infrared, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) analysis revealed that the TiO 2 NPs were effectively modified with γ-CD. Furthermore, synthesized adsorbent with a large BET specific surface area of 383.131 m 2 /g showed excellent adsorption performance toward organic dyes. The dye adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics using TiO 2 /γ-CD NPs were also investigated. The results showed that pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm model well describe the dye adsorption process on the TiO 2 /γCD NPs. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacity of MB, MG, CV, DR1, AB113, and CR onto TiO 2 /γCD NPs was found to be 134, 244, 213, 238, 157, and 5000 mg/g, respectively. On the basis of the obtained RL values, which were less than 1.0, the adsorption of all tested dyes was favorable. Furthermore, the calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process of the studied dyes was endothermic.

A novel functionalized chitosan nanoadsorbent for efficient elimination of malachite green from aqueous media

“…Reusability study was performed to get information on the regeneration efficiency of the adsorbent for its potential future industrial applications 46 . After four consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles, the amount of dye removal decreased from 98% to 85%.…”

“…Various parameters such as the chemical structure of adsorbate and adsorbent can affect the adsorption mechanism 46 . Based on the pH effect, BET analysis, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic studies, the mechanism of MG removal by the modified CTS nanosorbent is proposed in Figure 12.…”

“…Reusability study was performed to get information on the regeneration efficiency of the adsorbent for its potential future industrial applications. 46 After four consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles, the amount of dye removal decreased from 98% to 85%. The slight reduction in the MG removal efficiency is attributed to the destruction of the adsorbent structure due to the successive use and loss of the adsorbent as a result of washing with solvents.…”

Synthesis of Ag‐modified TiO2 nanotube and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and elemental mercury

“…(a)). Mousavi et al . studied several organic dyes that included methylene blue (MB), acid blue 113 (AB113), disperse red 1 (DR1), MG and CV, showing that they could be removed using γ‐cyclodextrin‐modified TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”

“…9(a)). Mousavi et al 49 studied several organic dyes that included methylene blue (MB), acid blue 113 (AB113), disperse red 1 (DR1), MG and CV, showing that they could be removed using -cyclodextrin-modified TiO 2 nanoparticles. The result indicated that the adsorption efficiency of dyes onto TiO 2 nanocomposite was MG > CV > MB > DR1 > AB113 at pH 4 to 7.…”