Cyclic voltammetry of apple fruits: Memristors in vivo

Volkov, Alexander G.; Nyasani, Eunice K.; Tuckett, Clayton; Blockmon, Avery; Reedus, Jada; Volkova, Maya I

doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.07.001

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, assuming that the results represent a memristor, the question is what the actual mechanism behind these non-linear properties is. Volkov et al explained the memristive properties they found in apples and aloe vera by voltage gated potassium-channels that are activated as soon as the voltage is high enough [6,10]. By our measurements, we cannot exclude that this is happening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Questioning the aloe vera plant and apple memristors

Pabst

Andersen

Bhatti

et al. 2019

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

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Non-linear electrical properties of a (biological) tissue can be revealed by non-linear electrical measurements, which means that the applied stimulus itself affects the measurement. If resulting voltage–current plots exhibit pinched hysteresis loops, the underlying tissue may be classified as a memristor, a state dependent resistor. The aloe vera plant and apples have been found to be memristors. However, polarization processes on the electrodes are also non-linear and may affect the measurement. Apples and aloe vera conduct electrical current very well and it is likely that the recordings are actually dominated by the polarization impedance of the electrodes. Here, we study the non-linear properties of aloe vera and apples with two different measurement electrode types. Furthermore, we measured also on the extracted liquids from one aloe vera leaf and one apple, leading to similar results. We concluded, unlike previous studies on these subjects, that the memristive properties originate from electrochemical reactions on the electrodes rather than the apples or aloe vera themselves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Questioning the aloe vera plant and apple memristors

Pabst

Andersen

Bhatti

et al. 2019

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electrochemical and bioelectrochemical measurements of plants have also been carried out, showing that long-distance communication between plant tissue and cells can propagate rapidly with bio-electrochemical signals (Zimmermann et al, 2016). It has been suggested that the phloem is the carrier for these signals (Volkov, 2000;Volkov et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Modelling of In-Vivo Impedance Spectroscopy of Nicotiana tabacum Plants

et al. 2021

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Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been suggested as a sensing method for plants. Here, a theoretical approach for electrical conduction via the plant stem is presented and validated, linking its living electrical characteristics to its internal structure. An electrical model for the alternating current conduction and the associated impedance in a live plant stem is presented. The model accounts for biological and geometrical attributes. It uses the electrically prevalent coupled transmission line model approach for a simplified description of the complicated vessel structure. It considers the electrode coupling to the plant stem (either Galvanic or Faradic), and accounts for the different interactions of the setup. Then the model is simplified using the lumped element approach. The model is then validated using a four-point probe impedance spectroscopy method, where the probes are galvanically coupled to the stem of Nicotiana tabacum plants. The electrical impedance data was collected continuously and the results exhibit an excellent fitting to the theoretical model, with a fitting error of less than 1.5% for data collected on various days and plants. A parametric evaluation of the fitting corresponds to the proposed physically based model, therefore providing a baseline for future plant sensor design.

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“…Research interest in the memristor increased when a first realization was found in 2008 [ 2 ] (based on titanium dioxide). Memristors based on different materials like tantalum oxide [ 3 ], and zinc oxide [ 4 ] have been demonstrated, as well as, biological memristors like slime moulds [ 5 ] and apples [ 6 ], for example. However, in case of the apples the shown memristive properties may not origin from the apple itself but rather from chemical reactions on the electrodes [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storing information electrically in human skin

Pabst

Sørebø

Andersen

et al. 2021

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

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Human skin has been classified as a non-volatile memristor and it is shown that information can be stored within for at least three minutes. Here we investigate whether it is possible to store information up to 20 minutes. Furthermore, we investigate whether the information can be based on four different states, not just two (binary). We stored the information into the skin of the forehead of the test subjects under three different electrodes, which allows in principle for 64 different combinations (3 electrodes, 4 states) and one can think of numbers on the base of four. For this experiment, we decided on the numbers 1234 and 3024 (that correspond to numbers 27 and 50 in the decimal system). Writing of the different states was done by the application of DC voltage pulses that cause electro-osmosis in the sweat ducts (nonlinear electrical measurements). Based on our results, we were not able to distinguish between four different states. However, we can show that binary information storage in human skin is possible for up to 20 minutes.

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Cyclic voltammetry of apple fruits: Memristors in vivo

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Questioning the aloe vera plant and apple memristors

Questioning the aloe vera plant and apple memristors

Electrical Modelling of In-Vivo Impedance Spectroscopy of Nicotiana tabacum Plants

Storing information electrically in human skin

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