Cyclic blackout mitigation and prevention using semi-dispatchable standby generation and stratified demand dispatch

Application of a Blockchain Model in the Energy Market for Social Goodness: A Simulator to Generate Transactions

“…In buildings it is now possible, and required [1], to implement any automated management system [8,32] and such management is currently implementable without any particular external constraints. Some articles help to define the impact that automated management can have on the economics [2,3,11,18,21,22,24,33] and reliability [30] of the systems and to suggest a planning methodology based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the reciprocal impacts among smart strategies [34][35][36][37][38][39] or to propose intelligent approaches to forecast electricity consumptions [40]. Aspects related to the reliability of management models and data security [4,5], a relevant topic for the development of new electric transport management technologies [6], are explored in the literature.…”

“…Many articles suggest that island systems should be managed by blockchain, leaving any future rules to free self-regulation [13,20,25]; this makes the use of energy in island systems very dangerous, as the absence of help from the public grid would mean that, in the event of management problems, events would immediately evolve into blackouts [34,35]. The problem is all the more stringent, and the stricter the rules should be, for island systems requiring maximum reliability, such as hospitals and prisons [16,18,29]. Some preliminary management rules, which aim to limit pollution, can be found in some articles that consider environmental aspects [14,31].…”

“…The rules assumed for the operation of the MG make impossible multiple transactions within the MG itself for the supply of energy, and thus prevent the creation of positional or contingency advantages among the components of the MG. The existence of such rules, and transparency about them, makes the system reliable as a whole but also has a reassuring effect on possible investors (e.g., possible owners of PV, wind, or cogeneration plants within the MG) [18][19][20][21][22]. These investors would have the certainty of a return on their investment and the impossibility of competition within the MG itself, since it is governed by consortium rules decided by users and not imposed from above.…”

A review of current and future weather data for building simulation

“…More extreme heat waves in developed countries where most households have access to air conditioning systems have led to a different problem. The simultaneous cooling demand caused by adverse weather conditions can overcome grid capacity and cause blackouts [155]. Hence, cooling systems may become unavailable during heat waves.…”

“…The simultaneous cooling demand caused by adverse weather conditions can overcome grid capacity and cause blackouts. 156 Hence, cooling systems may become unavailable during heat waves. This suggests that the reliability and robustness of systems also need to be studied at a building level.…”