Cyclanilide Induces Lateral Branching in Sweet Cherry Trees

Abstract

<jats:p>A new bioregulator, cyclanilide (CYC, Bayer Environmental Science, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709), was compared with a proprietary formulation of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and A<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> [Promalin (PR), Valent BioSciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.] for branching effects on sweet cherry trees. CYC stimulated the formation of lateral shoots on current-season's shoot growth under both orchard and nursery conditions. In the nursery CYC was as effective or better for feathering compared to PR in all cherry cultivars tested. There were no synergistic effects of CYC/PR tank mixes on feather development. Crotch angles of induced feathers were not different from the angles of feathers that formed spontaneously. The growth of CYC-induced feathers was sufficient to produce acceptable quality feathered trees. Trunk caliper of nursery trees was either not affected or reduced to a very minimal degree. CYC is effective for lateral branch induction in sweet cherry, especially in the nursery. Chemical names used: 1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (cyclanilide); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine + gibberellins A<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and A<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> (Promalin); polyoxyethylenepolypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid).</jats:p>

Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

“…Results from other studies indicate that cytokinin-GA products are effective for inducing sweet cherry buds to grow into shoots (Elfving and Visser, 2006;Jacyna and Puchała, 2004;Miller, 1983;Veinbrants and Miller, 1981). Results of the trials reported here…”

“…Sweet cherry trees exhibit strong apical dominance, producing vigorous, upright shoot growth with limited lateral branching, particularly in young trees (Elfving and Visser, 2006;Jacyna, 2002;Jacyna and Puchała, 2004;Jacyna et al, 2005;Miller, 1983). The interaction of endogenous auxins and cytokinins is thought to play a role in the control by apical dominance of lateral bud activity in the spring and during shoot development (Sachs and Thimann, 1967;Theron et al, 1987;Wickson and Thimann, 1958).…”

Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry

“…Most studies of the branching ability of sweet cherries have been done with vigorous rootstocks or in hotter and more climatically favourable regions (Hrotkó et al 1999;Neri et al 2004;Elfving, Visser 2006b;Koyuncu, Yildirim 2008;Moghadam, Zamanipour 2013). Evidence of effective treatments applicable to often suboptimal temperate zone conditions and to trees on lowvigour rootstocks is scarce (Baryla et al 2014).…”

Induction of Lateral Branching of Sweet Cherry and Plum in Fruit Nursery

“…In recent decades cyclanilide, which acts as an auxin transport inhibitor (Pedersen et al, 2006), was tested as a promising branching agent of sweet cherry and apple trees (Elfving and Visser, 2006;Sazo and Robinson, 2011). Among plant growth regulators (PGR's) with inhibition effect, paclobutrazol (PBZ, anti-giberrelin) was used together with Promalin to produce compact and well branched sweet cherry trees (Jacyna et al, 1989).…”

“…Studies proved positive effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP, cytokinin) and gibberellic acids 4+7 (GA4+7, gibberellins) in different concentrations and doses on branching of sweet cherry (Hrotkó et al, 1999;Elfving and Visser, 2006;Koyuncu and Yidirim, 2008) and plum trees (Magyar and Hrotkó, 2002). GA4+7 and 6-BAP have been commercially available in combination as Perlan, Promalin or Progerbalin LG and also separately as Paturyl (6-BAP), Globaryll (6-BAP) or Gibb plus (GA4+7).…”