Abstract:Living cells interfaced with a range of polyelectrolyte coatings, magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles, hard mineral shells and other complex nanomaterials can perform functions often completely different from their original specialisation. Such "cyborg cells" are already finding a range of novel applications in areas like whole cell biosensors, bioelectronics, toxicity microscreening, tissue engineering, cell implant protection and bioanalytical chemistry. In this tutorial review, we describe the developmen… Show more
“…The nTR 2 and nTR 3 can be achieved by the use of genetically engineered biological cells [22], a genetically engineered bacterium [23] and artificial cells [24]. In [25,26] model examples of a genetically engineered biotransceiver that can be used to model the molecule synthesis and emission in nTR 2 and nTR3 are presented.…”
Section: System Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, following the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, the rate of producing light, which we simply refer to as bioluminescence intensity I, can approximately be expressed as We can obtain the expression for l a by considering the following regulated gene expression differential equations [24]:…”
Section: +mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In [24], the transcription factor was modeled as an oscillatory input. In this present work, we reasonably consider that the rate at which the transcription factor is activated through the pathway initiated by the receptor-mediated or direct diffusion of the information molecules into the cellular structure depends on the concentration of the diffusing information molecules.…”
Section: +mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Usually, the regulation of genes by the transcription factor entails the following steps: polymerization and promoter binding [49]. For a single transcription factor, the rate of change of the concentration of B is given by [24],…”
“…The nTR 2 and nTR 3 can be achieved by the use of genetically engineered biological cells [22], a genetically engineered bacterium [23] and artificial cells [24]. In [25,26] model examples of a genetically engineered biotransceiver that can be used to model the molecule synthesis and emission in nTR 2 and nTR3 are presented.…”
Section: System Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, following the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, the rate of producing light, which we simply refer to as bioluminescence intensity I, can approximately be expressed as We can obtain the expression for l a by considering the following regulated gene expression differential equations [24]:…”
Section: +mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In [24], the transcription factor was modeled as an oscillatory input. In this present work, we reasonably consider that the rate at which the transcription factor is activated through the pathway initiated by the receptor-mediated or direct diffusion of the information molecules into the cellular structure depends on the concentration of the diffusing information molecules.…”
Section: +mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Usually, the regulation of genes by the transcription factor entails the following steps: polymerization and promoter binding [49]. For a single transcription factor, the rate of change of the concentration of B is given by [24],…”
“…4c). It was reported by Fakhrullin et al that the polyelectrolyte layer can act as a glue to attach metal nanoparticles and block nanoparticle translocation into the cells (Fakhrullin et al 2012). As expected, there were no PSS-GNRs located on the cell surface, nor inside Jurkat T cells encapsulated with PSS/ PAH (PSS/PAH@Jurkat cells; Fig.…”
Section: Investigation Of Gnrs In Pah/pss-gnr@jurkat Cellsmentioning
Currently, human T cell therapy is of considerable scientific interest. In addition, cell encapsulation has become an attractive approach in biomedical applications.
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