Cybernetic Analysis of Perspective Flight-Path Display Dimensions

Mulder, M.; Mulder, J.A.

doi:10.2514/1.6646

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Modern interface technologies, such as three-dimensional visual displays [6], [62], [63] and haptic (shared) control manipulators [43]- [46], [55], [64] are rapidly expanding the way humans can interact with dynamic systems. They also dramatically expand the factors that drive human control adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual Control Cybernetics: State-of-the-Art and Current Trends

Mulder

Pool

Abbink

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst.

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Abstract-Manual control cybernetics aims to understand and describe how humans control vehicles and devices using mathematical models of human control dynamics. This 'cybernetic approach' enables objective and quantitative comparisons of human behavior, and allows a systematic optimization of human control interfaces and training associated with manual control. Current cybernetics theory is primarily based on technology and analysis methods formalized in the 1960s and has shown to be limited in its capability to capture the full breadth of human cognition and control. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in our knowledge of human manual control, points out the main fundamental limitations in cybernetics, and proposes a possible roadmap to advance the theory and its applications. Central in this roadmap will be a shift from the current linear time-invariant modeling approach that is only truly valid for human behavior under tightly controlled and stationary conditions, to methods that facilitate the analysis of adaptive, and possibly time-varying, human behavior in realistic control tasks. Examples of key current developments in the field of cybernetics -human use of preview, predictable discrete maneuvering, skill acquisition and training, time-varying human modeling, and neuromuscular system modeling -that contribute to this shift are presented in this paper. The new foundations for cybernetics that will emerge from these efforts will impact all domains that involve humans in manual and semi-automatic control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual Control Cybernetics: State-of-the-Art and Current Trends

Mulder

Pool

Abbink

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst.

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“…Despite great advancements for simple tasks, especially compensatory tracking (McRuer et al, 1965), the mechanisms underlying manual control behavior in more complex tasks with preview are still relatively unclear. Examples of such tasks include car driving, where the road ahead is visible through the windshield (Kondo and Ajimine, 1968), and flying an aircraft through a displayed tunnel-in-the-sky (Mulder and Mulder, 2005). In these tasks, a human controller (HC) can see and anticipate the future trajectory to follow, allowing for a more advanced control strategy that involves both feedforward and feedback (Sheridan, 1966;Ito and Ito, 1975;Van der El et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preview Time on Human Control Behavior in Rate Tracking Tasks

Barendswaard

Pool

et al. 2016

IFAC-PapersOnLine

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], [S.Barendswaard], [D.M.Pool], [M.Mulder] @tudelft.nl).Abstract: In many practical control tasks, human controllers (HC) can preview the trajectory they must follow in the near future. This paper investigates the effects of the length of previewed target trajectory, or preview time, on HC behavior in rate tracking tasks. To do so, a human-inthe-loop experiment was performed, consisting of a combined target-tracking and disturbancerejection task. Between conditions the preview time was varied between 0, 0.1, 0.25 0.5 0.75 or 1 s, capturing the complete human control-behavioral adaptation from zero-to full-preview tasks, where the performance remains constant. The measurements were analyzed by fitting a HC model for preview tracking tasks to the data. Results show that optimal performance is attained when the displayed preview time is higher than 0.5 s. When the preview time increases, subjects exhibit more phase lead in their target response dynamics. They respond to a single point on the target ahead when the preview time is below 0.5 s and generally to two different points when more preview is displayed. As the model tightly fits to the measurement data, its validity is extended to different preview times.

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“…In the development of the perspective flight-path display in the 1980s and 1990s, various display augmentation principles have been developed to improve path-following accuracy [1][2][3][4][5]. The main example is the flight-path predictor (FPP), showing the future position of the aircraft a few seconds ahead in time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Landing Guidance in Synthetic Vision Displays

Mulder¹

2011

TOAEJ

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Pilot manual path-following performance with synthetic vision displays can be improved with predictive guidance symbols. Little is known, however, on how these predictive guidance concepts can be applied to the landing flare maneuver. This paper discusses the applicability of 3D predictive guidance in synthetic vision displays during the final phase of the landing. Two types of predictive guidance were examined, the Flight-Path Predictor that indicates the aircraft's future position a certain time ahead, and the Flight Trajectory Predictor that presents the future trajectory by interpolating a number of sequential predicted positions. A theoretical investigation and an offline simulation were used to optimize the two guidance laws for the manual landing task. A pilot-in-the-loop experiment, conducted in a moving-base flight simulator, indicated that both predictive guidance types investigated support pilots in manual control. The pilot's ability to determine the correct flare initiation time is improved, and becomes comparable to timing the flare with a more realistic synthetic vision display with textured surfaces. Even though the flare initiation timing was improved by the addition of predictive guidance, the control of the flare after its initiation was not sufficiently supported. As a result, no noticeable improvement in landing performance was found.

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Cybernetic Analysis of Perspective Flight-Path Display Dimensions

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Manual Control Cybernetics: State-of-the-Art and Current Trends

Manual Control Cybernetics: State-of-the-Art and Current Trends

Effects of Preview Time on Human Control Behavior in Rate Tracking Tasks

Predictive Landing Guidance in Synthetic Vision Displays

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