Cyber Sexual Harassment: A Summary of Current Measures and Implications for Future Research

Abstract

Researchers have described cyber sexual harassment (CSH) as a range of sexually aggressive or harassing images or texts delivered through the use of digital mediums. CSH occurs in high proportions particularly among young populations, but the prevalence varies substantially across studies, largely due to variation in measures used and types of behaviors assessed. We describe the prevalence of CSH by types of CSH assessed, identify the measures used in previous research, and provide recommendations for future assessment. Future research is needed to ensure consistent and comprehensive measures that accurately capture CSH to assess prevalence and consequences.

Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying in a nationally representative sample of teens: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences

“…The extent to which these findings are generalizable to online sexual harassment experiences remains unclear. A handful of recent studies have focused specifically on “cyber” sexual harassment; however, inconsistent measurement of harassment has contributed to unclear estimates of prevalence (Reed, Salazar, et al, 2019; Reed, Wang, & Raj, 2019). Moreover, preliminary evidence suggests that online sexual harassment is associated with substance abuse and mental health deficits (Zetterström Dahlqvist & Gillander Gådin, 2018; Reed, Salazar, et al, 2019).…”

“…A handful of recent studies have focused specifically on “cyber” sexual harassment; however, inconsistent measurement of harassment has contributed to unclear estimates of prevalence (Reed, Salazar, et al, 2019; Reed, Wang, & Raj, 2019). Moreover, preliminary evidence suggests that online sexual harassment is associated with substance abuse and mental health deficits (Zetterström Dahlqvist & Gillander Gådin, 2018; Reed, Salazar, et al, 2019). Additional research is needed to substantiate these findings and to further explore the consequences of sexual harassment that occurs in the online context.…”

“…It is unclear whether the experience of cyberbullying is age‐graded; some evidence suggests that cyberbullying victimization is more common among older adolescents (Fisher et al, 2016; Williams & Guerra, 2007), while other studies have found that victimization risk is relatively stable over time (Guo, 2016; Waasdorp & Bradshaw, 2015; Wang et al, 2009). Finally, the experience of cyberbullying victimization during adolescence is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including depressive symptomology, substance use, and aggression (Fisher et al, 2016; Mitchell et al, 2016; Reed, Salazar, et al, 2019; Ybarra, Diener‐West, & Leaf, 2007; Ybarra & Mitchell, 2004).…”

Dimensi konsep diri korban cyber sexual harassment di Kota Pekanbaru

“…Sexual harassment memiliki implikasi sosial sebagai bentuk dari diskriminasi gender dan agresi seksual. Terutama memengaruhi kesehatan mental pada perempuan (Reed, Wong, & Raj, 2019). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia menegaskan bahwa sexual harassment merupakan salah satu bentuk kekerasan seksual yang menjadi masalah global (Rusyidi, Bintari, & wibowo, 2019).…”

Kemampuan New Media Literacy Remaja dalam Mengenali Cyber Sexual Harassment di Surabaya

“…Para peneliti telah mendeskripsikan bentuk baru pelecehan seksual ke dalam berbagai jenis pelecehan mulai dari pengiriman gambar atau teks yang menyinggung dalam konteks seksual melalui media sosial hingga penyerangan secara agresif dalam konotasi seksual (Henry dan Powell, 2018;Madigan, et al, 2018). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Reed, et al, 2019), bentuk pelecehan yang paling sering ditemui dalam media sosial adalah ajakan seks yang tidak dikehendaki; menerima foto atau pesan berkonotasi seksual tanpa persetujuan; serta mendapati seseorang menyebar pesan maupun foto berkonteks seksual tanpa persetujuan. Pelecehan seksual di ranah online paling sering terjadi pada interpersonal level atau antar individu pada anak-anak, remaja, pelajar, serta individu pengguna jejaring sosial (Kuklytė, 2018).…”