Cyber Security and Privacy Issues in Smart Grids

Liu, Jing; Xiao, Yang; Li, Shuhui; Liang, Wei; Chen, C. L. Philip

doi:10.1109/surv.2011.122111.00145

Cited by 489 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Cyber-Physical System Security There is extensive research on CPS and security [14,15] focusing on: Smart Power Grids [16,17], Industrial Control Systems (ICS) [18], and SCADA [19,20] systems. The majority of this research proposes defending attacks at the network or process level.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Level Detection Framework for Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2017

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Anomaly detection is critical in thwarting malicious attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems. This work presents a novel inference engine that integrates two heterogeneous anomaly detectors, working at different levels of the system architecture, in order to produce a crosslevel detector more effective than either one separately. The macro-or process-level detector uses a bank of observers of the physical plant that estimate the state of the process suspected to be under attack, specifically for its sensor to be compromised, from data gathered by available networked sensors. The estimates are then combined using a Weapons and Systems Engineering Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA consensus algorithm to determine if the suspect sensor is reporting false readings. The micro-level detector uses timesampled side-channel power measurements of an integrated circuit on the suspect sensor. By comparing power measurements against those from a known good state, differences indicate the code running inside has been altered. The crosslevel detector performs a two-dimensional Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test that declares the presence of an attack on the sensor node. The cross-level detector is shown to be more accurate and less latent than its constituent parts. Detection was tested against a range of False Data Injection attacks on a hardware prototype and the detector performance was measured experimentally. The cross-level detector on average achieved a 93% rate of correct detection, compared with 72 and 85% for the macro-and micro-level detectors, respectively; and a 50% reduction in latency compared to the macro-level detector.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Level Detection Framework for Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2017

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“…As the domain of applicability of CPSs expands into security-sensitive areas, such as automated highways, water and electricity distribution systems, and military command and control, it is critical to develop novel design and control paradigms that go beyond the traditional notions of robustness, reliability, and stability (Rieger et al, 2009). These novel paradigms -or elements of resilience -include cyber-security and privacy [e.g., Liu et al (2012)], control system and information network robustness, and the ability to maintain normalcy and restore function following a failure or a malicious attack.…”

Section: Context and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience through Learning in Multi-Agent Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2016

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The paper contributes to the design of secure and resilient supervisory Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) through learning. The reported approach involves the inclusion of learning modules in each of the supervised agents, and considers a scenario where the system's coordinator privately transmits to individual agents their action plans in the form of symbolic strings. Each agent's plans belong in some particular class of (sub-regular) languages, which is identifiable in the limit from positive data. With knowledge of the class of languages their plans belong to, agents can observe their coordinator's instructions and utilize appropriate Grammatical Inference modules to identify the behavior specified for them. From that, they can then work collectively to infer the executive function of their supervisor. The paper proves that in cases where the coordinator fails, or communication to subordinates is disrupted, agents are able not only to maintain functional capacity but also to recover normalcy of operation by reconstructing their coordinator. Guaranteeing normalcy recovery in supervisory CPSs is critical in cases of a catastrophic failure or malicious attack, and is important for the design of next-generation Cyber-Physical Systems.

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“…It may lead to some serious privacy issues. Therefore, the security and privacy issues are more challenging in the V2G network [24,35]. In the following subsections, we will examine the existing authentication protocols for the V2G system.…”

Section: Security and Privacy Challenges In The Vehicle-to-grid (V2g)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of various security and privacy issues in the SG with focuses on mutual authentication, access control, and secure integration. The existing survey paper by Liu et al [24] provides a comprehensive overview on device issues, networking issues, dispatching and management, and anomaly detection. Different from the existing survey, we also take into account the authentication issues in the HAN and the V2G network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art Authentication, Access Control, and Secure Integration in Smart Grid

Saxena

Choi

2015

Energies

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Abstract:The smart grid (SG) is a promising platform for providing more reliable, efficient, and cost effective electricity to the consumers in a secure manner. Numerous initiatives across the globe are taken by both industry and academia in order to compile various security issues in the smart grid network. Unfortunately, there is no impactful survey paper available in the literature on authentications in the smart grid network. Therefore, this paper addresses the required objectives of an authentication protocol in the smart grid network along with the focus on mutual authentication, access control, and secure integration among different SG components. We review the existing authentication protocols, and analyze mutual authentication, privacy, trust, integrity, and confidentiality of communicating information in the smart grid network. We review authentications between the communicated entities in the smart grid, such as smart appliance, smart meter, energy provider, control center (CC), and home/building/neighborhood area network gateways (GW). We also review the existing authentication schemes for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication network along with various available secure integration and access control schemes. We also discuss the importance of the mutual authentication among SG entities while providing confidentiality and privacy preservation, seamless integration, and required access control with lower overhead, cost, and delay. This paper will help to provide a better understanding of current authentication, authorization, and secure integration issues in the smart grid network and directions to create interest among researchers to further explore these promising areas. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 11884

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Cyber Security and Privacy Issues in Smart Grids

Cited by 489 publications

References 85 publications

Cross-Level Detection Framework for Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems

Cross-Level Detection Framework for Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems

Resilience through Learning in Multi-Agent Cyber-Physical Systems

State of the Art Authentication, Access Control, and Secure Integration in Smart Grid

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