Cyber-physical systems security: Limitations, issues and future trends

Yaacoub, Jean-Paul A.; Salman, Ola; Noura, Hassan; Kaaniche, Nesrine; Chehab, Ali; Malli, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103201

Cited by 290 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 305 publications

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“…As it has been presented in the previous sections, IBs and their related energy management systems employ communication networks and technologies, very often based on the IoT, which increase the vulnerability of the overall SG. In addition, according to the proposed vision, which considers the SG as a CPSoS, the interconnection between the cyber and physical parts creates additional vulnerabilities that need to be considered [122]. Consequently, attacks can be performed against the cyber, the physical, or the cyber-physical parts of an SG [123].…”

Section: Security Protocols and Privacy Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Buildings in Smart Grids: A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues Related to Energy Management

et al. 2021

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During the last decade, the smart grid (SG) concept has started to become a reality, mainly thanks to the technical progress achieved in telecommunications, informatics and power electronics, among other domains, leading to an evolution of the traditional electrical grid into an intelligent one. Nowadays, the SG can be seen as a system of smart systems that include cyber and physical parts from different technologies that interact with each other. In this context, intelligent buildings (IBs) constitute a paradigm in which such smart systems are able to guarantee the comfort of residents while ensuring an appropriate tradeoff of energy production and consumption by means of an energy management system (EMS). These interconnected EMSs remain the objective of potential cyber-attacks, which is a major concern. Therefore, this paper conducts a survey, from a multidisciplinary point of view, of some of the main security and privacy issues related to IBs as part of the SG, including an overview of EMS, smart meters, and the main communication networks employed to connect IBs to the overall SG. Future research directions towards a security enhancement from both technical and human perspectives are also provided.

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Section: Security Protocols and Privacy Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Buildings in Smart Grids: A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues Related to Energy Management

et al. 2021

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“…malware intrusion, IP hijacking, denial-of-service attack, flooding attacks, jamming, modification, replay attacks due to the lack of encryption etc. [219][220][221]. The cyber-security is henceforth necessary for the MG cyber system as it collects, shares, process, and stores the control and measurement information.…”

Section: Communication Protocol and Prototypes: Some Basic Communicatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…malware intrusion, IP hijacking, denial‐of‐service attack, flooding attacks, jamming, modification, replay attacks due to the lack of encryption etc. [219–221]. The cyber‐security is henceforth necessary for the MG cyber system as it collects, shares, process, and stores the control and measurement information.The security of the MG system must fulfil the following requirements: Availability: The MG CPS have a tight coupling between the physical and the communication layer, hence it is important that the system is available and continuous access should be guaranteed to the authorised user timely for making system operational decisions in the event of loss of synchronisation.…”

Section: Mg Communication Structure and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review on hierarchical control of cyber‐physical microgrid system

Shrivastava

Subudhi

2020

IET gener. transm. distrib.

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A microgrid (MG) is a cyber-physical system that facilitates integration of several distributed renewable energy resources. In the last decade, several efforts were made to standardise the framework of a cyber-physical MG network and its control structure. In this perspective, various studies discussing the different control techniques are reported in the literature. However, a comprehensive and systematic review of a cyber-physical MG is discussed rarely. In this study, a comprehensive review of a MG architecture and hierarchical control structure in both islanded and grid-connected modes are presented. The hierarchical control of the MG includes primary, secondary, and tertiary control. Recent studies provide significant opportunities in dividing the control task among various layers resulting in a distributed framework. This study analyses the cyber and physical networks separately while discussing the primary, centralised, and distributed secondary control levels with their merits, demerits, and typical applications. A Venn diagram analysis is also presented that clearly distinguishes the primary control scheme in different research sub-areas. Furthermore, the MG communication structure, protocols, design, constraints, and cyber security are also reviewed systematically. Finally, future trends are summarised based on the state-of-the-art MG research. 1.1 Comparison with existing review articles Unlike the existing review articles in the literature [6, 9, 32-35], this paper gives a detailed hierarchical control structure with primary, secondary, and tertiary control levels along with a detailed discussion on communication constraints in a cyber-physical MG network. The state-of-the-art review presented in [6] discusses the issues concerning MGs and provides an account of research in areas related to MG, i.e. DG, applications of power electronics, economic issues, MG operation and control, MG clusters, and protection and communication issues. However, the discussion is limited to the overall introduction and does not provide deep insight and comparison on the control schemes at different levels and communication constraints as the one presented in this work.

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“…The interconnecting cyber and physical worlds give rise to new risky security challenges. The smart Internet of Cyber-Physical Things (IoCPT) is easily one of the most versatile technologies in existence [1][2]. IoT devices in smart homes have become increasingly vulnerable to numerous security and privacy threats [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: A Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%