Cyber-physical security challenges in manufacturing systems

Wells, Lee J.; Camelio, Jaime A.; Williams, Christopher B.; White, Jules

doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.01.005

Cited by 163 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In fact, two case studies [2], [3] conducted recently at Virginia Tech showed how to target a different component in each chain, as highlighted red in Fig. 5.…”

Section: B Design Artifacts To Codementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the additive manufacturing pro cess, a cyber-physical attack modified the STL file to create a part with an internal void [3]. In the case of the subtractive manufac turing process commands in the machine toolpaths were altered, thereby producing an incorrect part [2].…”

Section: B Design Artifacts To Codementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible for an attacker across the Internet to remotely intercept and alter design files or ma chine con figura tions to create undetectable changes in a part that adversely affect a product's design intent, performance, or qual ity [1], [2], [3], [4]. Since the parts being attacked are in stalled in automo biles, jet engines, or artificial heart valves, the results could financially devastat e manufacturers, e.g., by damag ing equip ment, incurring property losses, increasing warranty costs, losing customer trust, or threating human safety if these altered parts function improperly and fail in the field [2]. A fundamental concern with IoT-based manufacturing sys tems is that they enable the monitoring and control of previ ously non-remotely accessible physical systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to traditional cyber-security, IoT-based manufacturing systems use physical equipment, which generates measurable phenomena (e.g., temperatures and vibrations) to produce physical products that can be inspected and tested to determine if they meet their requirements. In addition, a particularly vexing challenge of IoT-based manufacturing sys tems is that their underlying software and hardware is rarely updated [1], [2], [3]. This lack of updates leaves complex IoT-based manufacturing equipment exposed and vulnerable to attack on the Internet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomies for Reasoning About Cyber-physical Attacks in IoT-based Manufacturing Systems

Pan¹,

White²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2017

IJIMAI

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-The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed many aspects of modern manufacturing, from design to production to quality inspection. In particular, IoT and digital manufacturing technol-ogies have substantially accelerated product developmentcycles and manufacturers can now create products of a complexity and precision not heretofore possible. However, new threats to supply chain security have arisen from connecting machines to the In-ternet and introducing complex IoT-based systems controlling manufacturing processes. By attacking these IoT-based manufacturing systems and tampering with digital files, attackers can manipulate physical characteristics of parts and change the dimensions, shapes, or mechanical properties of the parts, which can result in parts that fail in the field. These defects increase manufacturing costs and allow silent problems to occur only under certain loads that can threaten safety and/or lives. To understand potential dangers and protect manufacturing system integrity, this paper presents two taxonomies: one for classifying cyber-physical attacks against manufacturing processes and another for quality inspection measures for counteracting these attacks. We systematically identify and classify possible cyberphysical attacks and connect the attacks with variations in manufacturing processes and quality inspection measures. Our taxonomies also provide a scheme for linking emerging IoT-based manufacturing system vulnerabilities to possible attacks and quality inspection measures.

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“…In fact, two case studies [2], [3] conducted recently at Virginia Tech showed how to target a different component in each chain, as highlighted red in Fig. 5.…”

Section: B Design Artifacts To Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Design Artifacts To Codementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Taxonomies for Reasoning About Cyber-physical Attacks in IoT-based Manufacturing Systems

Pan¹,

White²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2017

IJIMAI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The physical processes are usually controlled/monitored over a network through embedded computer systems, where the physical layer affects the cy-ber system and vice-versa [12,13] . While the cyber world provides remote monitoring and control functions, it also brings potential cyber-security problems [14,15] . The cybersecurity issues are crucial for the industrial CPSs because the entities within the systems not only interact with each other but also interact with the physical environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-physical system security for networked industrial processes

Huang

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2015

Int. J. Autom. Comput.

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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Networked industrial processes combining internet, real-time computer control systems and industrial processes together are typical CPSs. With the increasingly frequent cyber-attack, security issues have gradually become key problems for CPSs. In this paper, a cyber-physical system security protection approach for networked industrial processes, i.e., industrial CPSs, is proposed. In this approach, attacks are handled layer by layer from general information technology (IT) security protection, to active protection, then to intrusion tolerance and physical security protection. The intrusion tolerance implemented in real-time control systems is the most critical layer because the real time control system directly affects the physical layer. This novel intrusion tolerance scheme with a closed loop defense framework takes into account the special requirements of industrial CPSs. To illustrate the effectiveness of the CPS security protection approach, a networked water level control system is described as a case study in the architecture analysis and design language (AADL) environment. Simulation results show that 3 types of injected attacks can be quickly defended by using the proposed protection approach.

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Smart Manufacturing Systems for Industry 4.0

Gangmei

Dutta

2023

Intelligent Manufacturing Management Systems

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Cyber-physical security challenges in manufacturing systems

Cited by 163 publications

References 8 publications

Taxonomies for Reasoning About Cyber-physical Attacks in IoT-based Manufacturing Systems

Taxonomies for Reasoning About Cyber-physical Attacks in IoT-based Manufacturing Systems

Cyber-physical system security for networked industrial processes

Smart Manufacturing Systems for Industry 4.0

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