Cyanosis

McGee, Steven

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-39276-1.00009-3

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cyanosis is bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased deoxyhemoglobin in superficial capillaries, arterioles, and venules. [ 10 11 ] There has been a lot of confusion over the absolute concentration of deoxyhemoglobin required for cyanosis. It is primarily because some investigators have mistakenly equated arterial levels of deoxyhemoglobin with capillary levels.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Cyanosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is primarily because some investigators have mistakenly equated arterial levels of deoxyhemoglobin with capillary levels. [ 11 12 13 14 ] Although some have suggested a much lower cut-off, the average amount of deoxyhemoglobin believed to produce cyanosis is 3.48 g/dL and 5.35 g/dL in the arterial and capillary blood, respectively. [ 15 16 ]…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Cyanosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanosis, on the other hand, besides the level of deoxyhemoglobin in the arterial blood, relies heavily on the hemoglobin concentration of the patient, lighting conditions, the skin color of the patient, and the experience of the observer. [ 11 13 14 ] Consequently, it is not uncommon for parents and even treating pediatricians to miss mild cyanosis, while trained pediatric cardiologists may detect the same with ease.…”

Section: Cyanosis Is Not the Same As Hypoxemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, clinical detection of hypoxemia using cyanosis is notoriously unreliable. [ 11 13 ] The clinical detection of cyanosis varies widely among clinicians and has only mid-range agreement among observers. In a study with 105 medical students and 22 physicians observing 20 subjects inhaling varying levels of oxygen concentration, as many as 25% of observers could not detect cyanosis at arterial saturation of 71%–75%, while 17% of observers believed cyanosis to be present when arterial saturations were 91%–95%.…”

Section: Cyanosis As a Diagnostic Test To Identify Congenital Heart D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4 ] With a cut-off of 80% oxygen saturation at a hemoglobin concentration of 12 g/dL, cyanosis has a sensitivity of 79%–95% and a specificity of 72%–95% for detecting severe hypoxemia, with a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 7.4 and 0.2, respectively. [ 11 ] Although the detection of cyanosis can be improved by training and experience, it is unlikely to reach the desired level of clinical accuracy as pulse oximetry. [ 17 ]…”

Section: Cyanosis As a Diagnostic Test To Identify Congenital Heart D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanotic congenital heart disease – Not always blue to provide a clue: Time to replace cyanosis with arterial desaturation!

Gupta¹

2022

Ann Pediatr Card

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Despite right-to-left shunt, not all patients with so-called cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) are cyanosed at all times. Moreover, despite undisputed clinical utility, cyanosis is unreliable for the detection of arterial desaturation. Pulse oximetry, on the other hand, provides a much easier, reliable, and accurate method for detecting arterial desaturation. For optimal detection, therefore, it is perhaps sensible to replace cyanosis with pulse oximetry-based detection of arterial desaturation in all cases with suspected CHD.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Cyanosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Cyanosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanosis Is Not the Same As Hypoxemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanosis As a Diagnostic Test To Identify Congenital Heart D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanosis As a Diagnostic Test To Identify Congenital Heart D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanotic congenital heart disease – Not always blue to provide a clue: Time to replace cyanosis with arterial desaturation!

Gupta¹

2022

Ann Pediatr Card

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Dynamically Colour Changing Actuator for Cyanosis Baby Manikin Application with the Philips Hue LED Kit

Fatihah

Delbressine

Feijs

2020

Proceedings of the 2020 10th International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics

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In vivo toxicity evaluation of a polyoxotungstate nanocluster as a promising contrast agent for computed tomography

Stojanović

Lalatović

Milosavljević

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, that a discrete metal-oxo cluster α-/β-K6P2W18O62 (WD-POM) exhibits superior performance as a computed tomography (CT) contrast agent, in comparison to the standard contrast agent iohexol. A toxicity evaluation of WD-POM was performed according to standard toxicological protocols using Wistar albino rats. The maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of 2000 mg/kg was initially determined after oral WD-POM application. The acute intravenous toxicity of single WD-POM doses (1/3, 1/5, and 1/10 MTD), which are at least fifty times higher than the typically used dose (0.015 mmol W kg− 1) of tungsten-based contrast agents, was evaluated for 14 days. The results of arterial blood gas analysis, CO-oximetry status, electrolyte and lactate levels for 1/10 MTD group (80% survival rate) indicated the mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis. The highest deposition of WD-POM (0.6 ppm tungsten) was found in the kidney, followed by liver (0.15 ppm tungsten), for which the histological analysis revealed morphological irregularities, although the renal function parameters (creatinine and BUN levels) were within the physiological range. This study is the first and important step in evaluating side effects of polyoxometalate nanoclusters, which in recent years have shown a large potential as therapeutics and contrast agents.

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Cyanosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Cyanotic congenital heart disease – Not always blue to provide a clue: Time to replace cyanosis with arterial desaturation!

Cyanotic congenital heart disease – Not always blue to provide a clue: Time to replace cyanosis with arterial desaturation!

Dynamically Colour Changing Actuator for Cyanosis Baby Manikin Application with the Philips Hue LED Kit

In vivo toxicity evaluation of a polyoxotungstate nanocluster as a promising contrast agent for computed tomography

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