Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury Both In Vivo and In Vitro Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Pathways

Abstract

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin belonging to the flavonoid family and commonly present in food and vegetables in human diet, has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective ability of C3G against inflammatory and oxidative injuries, as well as to clarify the possible mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and acute respiratory distress syndrome mouse model in vivo. HUVECs or male Kunming mice were pretreated with C3G 1 h before LPS stimulation. C3G significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL) -6, and IL-1β) in cell supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathologic examination with hematoxylin and eosinstaining showed that C3G pretreatment substantially suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, and interstitial edemain lung tissues. C3G markedly prevented LPS-induced elevation of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels in lung tissue homogenates, wet to dry ratio of lung tissues, total cells, and inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) in BALF. Moreover, C3G reduced superoxide dismutase activity in the lung tissue homogenates. Western blot assay also showed that C3G pretreatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor κB-α, NF-κB/P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in the lung tissues. In summary, C3G may ameliorate LPS-induced injury, which results from inflammation and oxidation, by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways and playing important anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles.

The effect of Cyanidin-3-o-glucoside on UVA-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts

“…However, the specific role and mechanisms of action of C3G, the most widely distributed anthocyanin monomer (Figure A), in protecting HDFs from UVA damage has remained unclear. Recently, it was demonstrated that C3G reduces oxidative damage and regulates MAPK pathways in UVB‐induced damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells . Therefore, we hypothesized that C3G could be a useful compound for preventing and improving UV‐induced skin injury due to its antioxidant properties and ability to regulate MAPK pathways.…”

“…19 However, the specific role and mechanisms of action of C3G, the most widely distributed anthocyanin monomer 13 (Figure 2A 20 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 21 Therefore, we hypothesized that C3G could be a useful compound for preventing and improving UV-induced skin injury due to its antioxidant properties and ability to regulate MAPK pathways.…”

Nur77 attenuates endothelin-1 expression via downregulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK in A549 cells and in an ARDS rat model

“…These findings give further evidence that nongenomic function of Nur77, such as protein-protein interactions, may contribute to the downregulation of LPS-induced ET-1 expression. Activation of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK is involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS through inducing proinflammatory mediators expression (30, 47, 100), one of which is ET-1.…”

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Cyanidin‐3‐O‐Glucoside (C3G) Liposome in Caco‐2 Cells Cultivated in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models

“…Anthocyanins are water‐soluble vacuolar pigments found in most species in the plant kingdom and are responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers (Jing et al., ), and exhibit potential free radical‐scavenging activities that prevent low‐density lipoprotein oxidation and positively effect on chronic gut inflammatory diseases, obesity, and inflammation (Cuevas‐Rodríguez, Dia, Yousef, Garcia‐Saucedo, & Lopez‐Medina, ; Fernandes et al., ; Lin, Fischer, & Wicker, ; Sousa et al., ). C3G, which is an anthocyanin with a high percentage and belongs to the flavonoid family and commonly present in the human diet, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects (Cai et al., ; Jung, Kwak, & Hwang, ; Ma et al., ). Studies have showed that C3G protects from the adverse effects of radiation, controls the key aspects of tumorigenesis, inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis of cancer cells, reduces oxidative stress, fights H 2 O 2 ‐induced oxidative stress in human embryonic kidney cells, induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell migration (Lee et al., ; Pratheeshkumar et al., ; Priego et al., ; Yan et al., ).…”