Cyanidin 3-<i>O</i>-glucoside prevents the development of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic heart dysfunction in 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats

Aloud, Basma Milad; Raj, Pema; McCallum, Jason; Kirby, Christopher W.; Louis, Xavier Lieben; Jahan, Fahmida; Yu, Liping; Hiebert, Brett; Duhamel, Todd A.; Wigle, Jeffrey T.; Blewett, Heather; Netticadan, Thomas

doi:10.1039/c8fo00730f

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The consumption of oats with beta-glucan (5.5 g per day) has been reported to reduce systolic BP by 7.5 mmHg and diastolic BP by 5.5 mmHg in patients diagnosed with mild or borderline hypertension (Keenan, Pins, Frazel, Moran, & Turnquist, 2002). In addition, previous study also showed that oat beta-glucan is beneficial in terms of reducing in body weight between SHR and WKY rats (at the end of the study) which is consistent with past studies (Aloud et al, 2018), (Dickhout & Lee, 1998). However, SHR has also been reported to weigh less than age and sex-matched WKY rats (Swislocki & Tsuzuki, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The current study showed that SHR had significantly increased level of MDA, a marker of oxidative stress. Our previous studies also reported that SHR exhibit higher level of oxidative stress related markers by 20 weeks of age (Aloud et al, 2018;Thandapilly et al, 2010). Beta-glucan alone and the combination of both beta-glucan and avenanthramide C were able to prevent elevation of MDA in SHR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Previous studies done in our laboratory and by others suggest a role for polyphenols in improving cardiovascular disease (Aloud et al, 2018;Movahed et al, 2013;Raj et al, 2014;Raj, Zieroth, & Netticadan, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

et al. 2020

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This study investigated the blood pressure (BP) lowering and cardioprotective effects of oat avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or in combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five-weeks-old male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats received vehicle, avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or a combination of avenanthramide C and beta-glucan via gavage for 15 weeks. BP was measured at 0, 10, and 15 weeks of treatment. Echocardiography was performed at 15 weeks of treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation were also measured. Beta-glucan alone prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic BP in SHR, but avenanthramide C alone or the combination did not prevent the increase in systolic and diastolic BP. SHRs treated with beta-glucan and not avenanthramide C or the combination reduced isovolumetric relaxation time when compared to SHR treated with vehicle. Beta-glucan and avenanthramide C decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in SHR. In conclusion, beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiovascular abnormalities. Practical applications Oats products are believed to contain many bioactives that possess potential beneficial properties against chronic diseases. Specifically, oats beta-glucan has been wellestablished for its efficacy in positively modulating the risk factor for dyslipidemia. This preliminary in vivo study shows that beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiac dysfunction as well. In light of the current findings, further human studies may establish the efficacy of oats beta-glucan in hypertensive patients alongside the current antihypertensive medications. This novel attribute established via rigorous studies may provide an impetus for oats products and oats industry. Last but not least, it will also help improve the cardiovascular disease burden in a cost-effective way.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

et al. 2020

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“…Both whole grape and red grape skin polyphenolic extract consumption reduced blood pressure, improved vascular function and compliance, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat [ 208 , 209 ]. Treatment with cyanidin-3- O -β-glucoside for 15-week prevents cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction but is unable to alleviate severe hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, which means that cyanidin-3- O -β-glucoside may have direct cardioprotective effects independent of blood pressure [ 210 ]. This was confirmed by another study with obese C57BL/6 mice where, despite the fact that blueberries supplementation reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cyanidin-3- O -β-glucoside did not reduce blood pressure.…”

Section: Anthocyanins’ Health Effects On Cardiovascular and Neurodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetables. Dietary sources of anthocyanins include red and purple berries, grapes, apples, plums, cabbage, or foods containing high levels of natural colorants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and pelargonidin are the six common anthocyanidins. Following consumption, anthocyanin, absorption occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, the distal lower bowel being the place where most of the absorption and metabolism occurs. In the intestine, anthocyanins first undergo extensive microbial catabolism followed by absorption and human phase II metabolism. This produces hybrid microbial–human metabolites which are absorbed and subsequently increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins. Health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely described, especially in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins may also be related to modulation of gut microbiota. In this paper we attempt to provide a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art literature on anthocyanins, summarizing recent findings on their chemistry, biosynthesis, nutritional value and on their effects on human health.

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“…Similarly, lycopene derived from tomato skins has been shown to reduce the expansion of interstitial fibrosis that occurs in rat models of myocardial infarction [ 24 ]. At a cellular level, resveratrol and cyanidin-3-glucoside have been shown to blunt fibroblast activation in vitro [ 25 , 26 ]. However, these approaches have not been effective yet clinically, potentially due to an inability to achieve an effective therapeutic dose in patients [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Role of Zinc Finger E Box-Binding Homeobox 2 (Zeb2) in Promoting Cardiac Fibroblast Activation

Jahan

Landry

Rattan

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Following cardiac injury, fibroblasts are activated and are termed as myofibroblasts, and these cells are key players in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and fibrosis, itself a primary contributor to heart failure. Nutraceuticals have been shown to blunt cardiac fibrosis in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies. However, nutraceuticals have had conflicting results in clinical trials, and there are no effective therapies currently available to specifically target cardiac fibrosis. We have previously shown that expression of the zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) transcription factor increases as fibroblasts are activated. We now show that Zeb2 plays a critical role in fibroblast activation. Zeb2 overexpression in primary rat cardiac fibroblasts is associated with significantly increased expression of embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb), ED-A fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). We found that Zeb2 was highly expressed in activated myofibroblast nuclei but not in the nuclei of inactive fibroblasts. Moreover, ectopic Zeb2 expression in myofibroblasts resulted in a significantly less migratory phenotype with elevated contractility, which are characteristics of mature myofibroblasts. Knockdown of Zeb2 with siRNA in primary myofibroblasts did not alter the expression of myofibroblast markers, which may indicate that Zeb2 is functionally redundant with other profibrotic transcription factors. These findings add to our understanding of the contribution of Zeb2 to the mechanisms controlling cardiac fibroblast activation.

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Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside prevents the development of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic heart dysfunction in 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Functional Role of Zinc Finger E Box-Binding Homeobox 2 (Zeb2) in Promoting Cardiac Fibroblast Activation

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