Cuttlefish can school in the field

Yasumuro, Haruhiko; Nakatsuru, Shogo; Ikeda, Yuzuru

doi:10.1007/s00227-015-2622-z

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This formation is not unusual in groups of S. officinalis (Cooke pers.obs) in the wild but its function is unknown. The formations seen in the video closely match that seen in S. latimanus (Yasumuro, et al, 2015). Within this sub group there are minor interactions resembling mild warning displays (deimatic eye spots) when one cuttlefish gets too close to another.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The camera briefly follows a lone individual (possibly female) before panning right, and from 1:25 many more cuttlefish are revealed. This time the cuttlefish are closer (~0.5m) to the sea floor but go up as far as 3-4m in the water column, again resembling observations seen in S. latimanus (Yasumuro, et al, 2015). Although the video footage is quite poor a minimum of 15 cuttlefish can be made out between 1:25 and 1:30.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…No feeding is observed, nor any courtship/mating. The camera person appears to alter the behaviour of individuals by getting too close, but generally they appear to be moving in one direction, consistently and as a group (again see S. latimanus (Yasumuro, et al, 2015)). The video ends at 2 mins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. apama Norman et al 1999) but await discovery. The grouping could be considered a school (see Krause et al, (2000) for definition of what a ‘school’ might be), as seen in S. latimanus (Yasumuro, et al, 2015), rather than an aggregation for breeding per se. The observation that the cuttlefish are schooling would also be a first for this species and deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative mating tactics and tactical deception: Is the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) nothing but a common cheat?

Cooke

Johnson

Reed

et al. 2017

Preprint

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6Alternative mating tactics (AMTs) are common in the animal kingdom, yet much work 7 remains before their evolution and role in driving sexual selection is fully understood. 8 Utilizing features of citizen science, we present compelling evidence that a third species in 9 the cuttlefish genus Sepia (Cephalopoda) possess males who use sneaky mating and female 10 mimicry as alternative strategies to conspicuous signalling and fighting.. We also present new 11 evidence of large aggregations (n~30) in this species that possibly drive alternative mating 12 strategies. Lastly, we provide footage of an opportunistic sneaky copulation in this species. 13 We believe that alternative mating tactics may be more common in this genus than previously 14 recorded (based on observations presented here and a search of the literature for similar life 15 history, environmental and behavioural factors found in other species within the Sepia 16 genus), and as much of their captive husbandry is well known, they could an ideal system for 17 studying the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies. 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 65 1991), however, a signal may also be received by eavesdroppers who may be able to gain 66 information about the signaller (McGregor, 1993) and their intentions (e.g. court/copulate 67 with a female). A signaller may try and reduce the cost of eavesdropping through tactical 68 deception (Kuczai et al. 2001) i.e. signals may not consistently reveal the genuine status or 69 intentions of the signaller. To be a genuine a case of deception, the receiver of the deception 70 must pay a cost (e.g. Kuczai et al. 2001) and the deceiver must benefit (Byrne and Whitton 71 1992; Hauser 1997).72 73 Another important influence on AMTs is the operational sex ratio (OSR: the ratio of sexually 74 mature males to fertilisable females -Mills and Reynolds, 2003) within a breeding 75 population. If the OSR is skewed towards more males, then this increased competition for 76 females can further drive sexual selection, including AMTs. OSRs are variable between 77 species and even within them from population to population. This variation in the distribution 78 of sexually mature adults may arise from environmental influences on the potential 79 reproductive rates of the sexes (Kvarnemo 1994; Reynolds et al.1986).80 81 1.1 AMTs and cuttlefish 82 Brown et al. (2012) reported an AMT using tactical deception in Sepia plangon (a cuttlefish 83 of the Class Cephalopoda) where males use a 'split' signal. The split signal includes male 84 mating signals (zebra patterning; see Hanlon and Messenger, 1996) on one side of the body 85 (the side towards a female) and a female pattern (e.g. blotched) on the other sidewhich is 86 directed towards a rival male. In certain circumstances, this could allow males to mate with 87 females without alerting other males i.e. a sneak AMT. The authors suggest this strategy 88 deceives a conspecific whilst simultaneously attracting a female (see figure 1, Brown et al. 89 2012). Alternatively, two further studies ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alternative mating tactics and tactical deception: Is the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) nothing but a common cheat?

Cooke

Johnson

Reed

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Squids are highly active social animals and form schools at an early-life stage ( Sugimoto and Ikeda, 2012 ; Vidal and Boletzky, 2014 ). Social behavior and the ability to gather in schools where individuals synchronize to each other’s SS in parallel orientation (polarization) is a major ecological and behavioral adaptation, as it requires complex swimming and cognitive skills ( Hurley, 1978 ; Sugimoto and Ikeda, 2012 ; Sugimoto et al, 2013 ; Yasumuro et al, 2015 ). The underlying mechanisms allowing squid to make the transition from passive planktonic drifters to active schoolers early in life have received little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Swimming Abilities in Squid Paralarvae: Behavioral and Ecological Implications for Dispersal

Vidal¹,

Zeidberg

Buskey

2018

Front. Physiol.

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This study investigates the development of swimming abilities and its relationship with morphology, growth, and nourishment of reared Doryteuthis opalescens paralarvae from hatching to 60 days of age. Paralarvae (2.5–11 mm mantle length – ML) were videotaped, and their behavior quantified throughout development using computerized motion analysis. Hatchlings swim dispersed maintaining large nearest neighbor distances (NND, 8.7 ML), with swimming speeds (SS) of 3–8 mm s-1 and paths with long horizontal displacements, resulting in high net to gross displacement ratios (NGDR). For 15-day-old paralarvae, swimming paths are more consistent between jets, growth of fins, length, and mass increases. The swimming pattern of 18-day-old paralarvae starved for 72 h exhibited a significant reduction in mean SS and inability to perform escape jets. A key morphological, behavioral, and ecological transition occurs at about 6 mm ML (>35-day old), when there is a clear change in body shape, swimming performance, and behavior, paths are more regularly repeated and directional swimming is evident, suggesting that morphological changes incur in swimming performance. These squid are able to perform sustained swimming and hover against a current at significantly closer NND (2.0 ML), as path displacement is reduced and maneuverability increases. As paralarvae reach 6–7 mm ML, they are able to attain speeds up to 562 mm s-1 and to form schools. Social feeding interactions (kleptoparasitism) are often observed prior to the formation of schools. Schools are always formed within areas of high flow gradient in the tanks and are dependent on squid size and current speed. Fin development is a requisite for synchronized and maneuverable swimming of schooling early juveniles. Although average speeds of paralarvae are within intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re < 100), they make the transition to the inertia-dominated realm during escape jets of high propulsion (Re > 3200), transitioning from plankton to nekton after their first month of life. The progressive development of swimming capabilities and social interactions enable juvenile squid to school, while also accelerates learning, orientation and cognition. These observations indicate that modeling of the lifecycle should include competency to exert influence over small currents and dispersal patterns after the first month of life.

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