Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Pheromones of Arthropods

Blomquist, Gary J.; Tittiger, Claus; Jurenka, Russell A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54529-5_11-1

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…22,23 Cuticular alkanes and alkenes are also widely found in insects, where they function as protection against desiccation and also as signalling molecules. 24,25 Specic alkanes and alkenes or combinations are widely known as sex pheromones and mate recognition cues across a range of insect groups, 26 including the Hymenopteran pollinators of some orchids. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that alkanes and alkenes have been demonstrated to play key roles in the pollination of sexually deceptive orchids.…”

Section: Alkanes and Alkenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The volatile chemistry of orchid pollination

et al. 2023

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Section: Alkanes and Alkenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The volatile chemistry of orchid pollination

et al. 2023

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“…Instead, the small number of CSPs disproves their potential for chemical communication (4 in Drosophila). For chemical communication, pheromones, and mate recognition, flies are known to use a complex mixture of long chain epicuticular hydrocarbons (Savarit et al, 1999;Wicker-Thomas et al, 2015;Yew and Chung, 2015;Blomquist et al, 2018). Bees, lice, and wasps only maintain 6-8 CSP genes, making it impossible for them to distinguish a variety of scents or complex chemical cuticular if CSP molecules only have one distinct function in chemosensing (Liu et al, 2019(Liu et al, , 2020.…”

Section: The Evolution and Diversity Of Csp Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renaming ‘Chemosensory’ Proteins (CSPs): Lipid/Nucleotide-Binding Proteins — Molecular Nomenclature, Structure, Expression, Function, Evolutionary Networks, Clinical Diseases and Associated Molecular Medicine

Liu,

Sun,

Fan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This is a brief critique of the functions—particularly olfactory functions—specified for the “Chemosensory Protein” (CSPs) molecule family. On the basis of these proteins’ presence in the sensory antennal lymph of locusts, odor chemosensory ligand binding functions have been hypothesized. According to this hypothesis, the entire protein molecule superfamily is referred to as “CSPs”. However, new information and developments in the field of CSP molecular research, such as the expression of CSP genes in the gut, brain, fat body, epidermis, and pheromone gland, as well as gene expression profiling from most early developmental stages—that is, CSP expression well in advance of the appearance of chemical sense nerve cells—strongly suggest that the protein molecule has other roles that are unrelated to chemosensing. Moreover, CSPs are found in bacterial microbial prokaryote organisms in addition to insects. Thus, we examine the molecule’s name, definition, RNA editing, protein structure, lipid binding properties, DNA interaction, and evolutionary characteristics in brief before referring to this protein family as “Chemosensory Proteins”. This article tries to compel and discuss the most recent information as a way to rename this protein family. Because of its highly conserved molecular distinctive feature (four adjacent cysteines), we propose renaming “CSPs” as “4CSPs” (4 Cysteines Soluble Proteins).

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“…CHCs form thin hydrophobic coatings on the cuticular surfaces of most insects and other arthropods ( Buckner et al 1996 , Howard and Blomquist 2005 , Drijfhout et al 2009 , Liebig et al 2009 , Blomquist 2010 , Stinziano et al 2015 , Ala-Honkola et al 2020 ). Cuticle surface lipids in a particular species often consist of hydrocarbons, ranging from a few to over 100 components, with carbon chains varying from 21 to 50 and accounting for more than 90% ( Blomquist 2010 , Menzel et al 2017a , Blomquist et al 2018 ). CHC mixtures can vary in structural characteristics, such as overall chain length (mostly between C20 and C45), quantity, and locations of methyl branches and double bonds, the chirality of methyl-branched carbons, and E/Z stereochemistry of double bonds and their structure ranges from simple to extremely complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diapause on the cuticular hydrocarbons and physiological status of Hippodamia variegata

Khabir,

Izadi,

Mahdian

2024

Journal of Insect Science

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The spotted amber ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is known to be a potent predator of aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and some butterfly species. This ladybeetle overwinters in the diapausing adult stage. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of diapause on the energy resources and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of the female ladybeetle, specifically comparing the changes in glycogen, lipid, and protein contents, and CHCs profile of diapausing and non-diapausing adults. In this study, gas chromatography-mass was used to analyze whole-body extracts of the beetles. Results showed no significant differences between the amount of glycogen, lipid, and protein contents of diapausing and non-diapausing ladybeetle. The CHCs profile of H. variegata consisted of 24 hydrocarbons categorized into 2 groups: linear aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) and methyl-branched hydrocarbons (17 molecules), as well as unsaturated cyclic compounds (7 molecules). The n-alkanes, with 14 compounds, were identified as the primary constituents of the CHCs of the ladybeetle. Six molecules were common to non-diapausing and diapausing beetles, 5 were exclusive to non-diapausing beetles, and 13 were exclusive to diapausing beetles. Moreover, we noted a significant difference in the quantity and quality of CHCs between diapausing and non-diapausing beetles, with diapausing beetles synthesizing more CHCs with longer chains. This disparity in CHC profiles was concluded to be an adaptation of H. variegata to survive harsh environmental conditions during diapause.

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Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Pheromones of Arthropods

Cited by 12 publications

References 152 publications

The volatile chemistry of orchid pollination

The volatile chemistry of orchid pollination

Renaming ‘Chemosensory’ Proteins (CSPs): Lipid/Nucleotide-Binding Proteins — Molecular Nomenclature, Structure, Expression, Function, Evolutionary Networks, Clinical Diseases and Associated Molecular Medicine

Impact of diapause on the cuticular hydrocarbons and physiological status of Hippodamia variegata

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