Cutaneous Uptake of¹⁴C-Hd Vapor By The Hairless Guinea Pig

Abstract

The hairless guinea pig (HGP) is used by our laboratory to model the human cutaneous response to sulfur mustard (HD), bis(2-chloroethylsulfide), exposure. We determined the HD content in the skin of HGP after a 7-min exposure to vapors saturated with a mixture of HD and 14C-HD. Concentration/time (CT) values in the range of 2 micrograms/cm2/min were determined by counting skin 14C disintegrations per min (dpm) in animals euthanized immediately after exposure. These values are similar to human penetration rates obtained by other investigators. A rate curve monitoring the reduction in skin 14C dpm was developed for animals euthanized between 0 and 24 hr post- exposure. This curve showed the greatest change after 1 hr. The epidermal (62%) to dermal (38%) ratio of 14C at 24 hr was measured for two animals. We saw no site preference for HD penetration among the 8 sites used. The 14C content of template adhesive tape was determined to follow HD distribution. These results contribute to a better understanding of the cutaneous response to HD in the HGP model.

Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents from the Skin

“…Guinea pigs have been evaluated for skin damage from burns and are often used as a wound-healing model for sulfur mustard (Ramos et al, 2008), as well as for skin irritation to toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) (Weaver et al, 2003;Kennedy, 2007). Guinea pigs have also been used to study absorption of CWAs through the skin (Wormser et al, 2002;Dalton et al, 2006) and uptake of radioactive sulfur mustard through the skin (Logan et al, 1999), as well as an animal model for evaluating pretreatment regimens to protect against CWAs (Wetherell et al, 2006) and for assessing ChE activity responses (Haigh et al, 2005) to GD exposure and OP-induced seizure (Harrison et al, 2004).…”

Detection and measurement of sulfur mustard offgassing from the weanling pig following exposure to saturated sulfur mustard vapor†**

“…The TWA for HD is 3 ng l Ϫ1 . 5 Figure 1A contains data from pig IV at site 8; Fig. 1B contains data from pig V at site 23; Fig.…”

“…In a typical experiment, saturated HD vapor 1 is applied to the skin of the animal using vapor caps containing 10 l of HD. [2][3][4][5][6] After the vapor caps are removed from the animal, the safe handling of the exposed skin site containing HD becomes a decision for the researcher. Prior to this study, when concentration determinations for HD offgassing were not made, a 24-h interval between agent use and work done outside engineering controls (laboratory safety hoods) was common practice (B. Casole, personal communication).…”

Skin toxicokinetics of mustard gas in the guinea pig: effect of hypochlorite and safety aspects

“…Because of its hydrophobic characteristic, SM vapor rapidly penetrates human skin at a rate of 1-1.67 lg/cm 2 per min depending on time of exposure (Nagy et al 1946). Recent studies with hairless guinea pigs using radiolabeled SM showed concentration-and time-dependent values in the range of 2 lg/cm 2 per min (Logan et al 1999). In the isolated perfused skin flap model, peak radiolabel flux of SM occurred within 5 to 60 min after exposure to diluted SM (Riviere et al 1995).…”