Cutaneous ultrasound and its utility in pediatric dermatology. Part I: Lumps, bumps, and inflammatory conditions

Abstract

High-frequency ultrasonography represents a promising tool for pediatric dermatologists. It is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that is particularly appealing when working with children. It can be easily performed at the patient's bedside, avoiding diagnostic delays, sedation, or multiple visits. It represents a useful adjunct to clinical examination and can enhance our understanding of cutaneous diseases. Patient cooperation and limited training and experience are the main challenges for cutaneous ultrasonography in pediatric dermatology. This review describes cutaneous ultrasonography and the nuances of its use in the pediatric setting, followed by the ultrasonographic findings of cutaneous lumps, bumps, and inflammatory dermatoses commonly encountered in pediatric patients. K E Y W O R D Scyst, morphea, neurofibroma, pilomatricoma, ultrasound 30 |

Usefulness of cutaneous ultrasound in the management of Parry Romberg syndrome

“…5 It is a noninvasive tool and can be performed without sedation, making it an ideal investigation in the pediatric population. 6 In contrast with MRI, it is cheaper and readily available. The increasing popularity of HFUS among dermatologists is allowing earlier diagnosis and treatments.…”

“…7,8 Affected muscles can show a decreased echogenicity. 6 Disease activity should be evaluated at the edge of cutaneous lesions, as the central areas of morphea plaques usually show chronic changes.…”

Ultrasound measurements of pathological and physiological skin thickness: a scoping review protocol

“…13 20 21 The speed of the ultrasound measurement is particularly advantageous for its use in paediatric populations, as patients are not required to stay still for extended periods of time, minimising the need for sedatives, general anaesthetics or other immobilising agents. 17 20 22 23 …”

Overview of Ultrasound Imaging Applications in Dermatology

“…Bandera et al defined a characteristic sign, both hyperechoic dots, which represent calcification and echogenic dots that represent proteinaceous material, mostly keratin ( Supplemental Figure S2 ). 16 …”