Cutaneous Melanoma—A Long Road from Experimental Models to Clinical Outcome: A Review

Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disorder characterized by an elevated degree of heterogeneity, features that place it among the most aggressive types of cancer. Although significant progress was recorded in both the understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, and in therapeutic approaches, this malignancy still represents a major problem worldwide due to its high incidence and the lack of a curative treatment for advanced stages. This review offers a survey of the most recent information available regarding the melanoma epidemiology, etiology, and genetic profile. Also discussed was the topic of cutaneous melanoma murine models outlining the role of these models in understanding the molecular pathways involved in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Melanin and Behaviour of Melanoma-related Cell Lines in the Presence of Ultraviolet B Type Radiation

“…Melanoma is a malignant skin disease, also known as cancer that rises with the sun. It develops following molecular and biochemical aberrations of melanocytes, is the least common of skin cancers but has the highest mortality rate due to its aggressiveness [1][2][3], related to pre-existing pathologies in the patient [4]. The different wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation bring distinct responses to the skin.…”

Key candidate genes of STAT1 and CXCL10 in melanoma identified by integrated bioinformatical analysis

“…Most importantly, the genes involved in melanoma are associated with other genes or tumour environments that affect melanoma growth . However, the rising incidence rates of melanoma are higher than those of other types of solid cancers, and this rise has been likened to an epidemic . Many studies are mainly enriched in single or family genetic events, and their results which cannot comprehensively explain the mutation of genes in melanoma comprehensively .…”

Exosomes in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors

“…Cutaneous melanoma is a very aggressive type of cancer with an increasing incidence. The pathogenesis of melanoma involves genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, such as skin type, sun exposure, multiple nevi, age, immune status and family or personal history of melanoma . Increasing evidence shows that exosomes are related to the pathogenesis of melanoma.…”