Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. III. In Purkyně cells by climbing fiber input

Eccles, John C.; Sabah, Nassir H.; Schmidt, Robert F.; Táboríková, H

doi:10.1007/bf00236404

Cited by 79 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The response of the inferior olive to deviant stimuli shown in the present study is consistent with early electrophysiological studies demonstrating that the olivary neurons are highly sensitive to unexpected external sensory stimuli (22,(34)(35)(36)(37). This finding was interpreted from the perspective of motor control to indicate that the inferior olive signals unexpected events and therefore errors or mismatches between intended and achieved movement (38-41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This number was determined in each subject by whichever number (of detected or undetected deviant stimuli) was smaller. An average of 31.88 ± 2.60 events (range, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] with detected (or undetected) deviant stimuli per subject was used, discarding an average of 6.82 ± 3.97 trials (range, 2-14) per subject from the last run (Table S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of olivocerebellar system in timing without awareness

Ashe²,

Bushara

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The timing of events can be implicit or without awareness yet critical for task performance. However, the neural correlates of implicit timing are unknown. One system that has long been implicated in event timing is the olivocerebellar system, which originates exclusively from the inferior olive. By using event-related functional MRI in human subjects and a specially designed behavioral task, we examined the effect of the subjects' awareness of changes in stimulus timing on the olivocerebellar system response. Subjects were scanned while observing changes in stimulus timing that were presented near each subject's detection threshold such that subjects were aware of such changes in only approximately half the trials. The inferior olive and multiple areas within the cerebellar cortex showed a robust response to time changes regardless of whether the subjects were aware of these changes. Our findings provide support to the proposed role of the olivocerebellar system in encoding temporal information and further suggest that this system can operate independently of awareness and mediate implicit timing in a multitude of perceptual and motor operations, including classical conditioning and implicit learning.cerebellum | visual E ncoding the timing of events is an inherent component of perceptual and motor tasks. Such timing can be implicit or without the subject's awareness yet important for performance regardless of the goal of the task. For example, when throwing a ball at a target, the spatial accuracy relies, at least partially, on precise motor timing; however, subjects may not be explicitly aware of the timing of individual components of this complex multijoint movement (1, 2). Similarly, subjects may improve the speed and accuracy of performing a perceptual task by implicitly using temporal information to predict the timing of sensory stimuli (i.e., temporal expectancy) (3, 4). More directly, implicit timing can be conceptualized as a critical component of classical conditioning and other stimulus/response association processes such as implicit learning and automatic behavior. However, implicit timing or timing without awareness has been difficult to characterize in experimental settings, especially in animal studies, and its neural correlates remain poorly understood (5). One system that has long been implicated in event timing is the olivocerebellar system, which originates exclusively in the inferior olive (6-12). Whether the olivocerebellar system mediates timing without awareness has not been demonstrated directly to our knowledge. However, the capacity of the inferior olive and the climbing fiber system to encode temporal information independently of awareness is supported by indirect evidence from classical conditioning and single cell recording literature (10)(11)(13)(14)(15)(16). In the few imaging and lesion studies in humans that specifically addressed the cerebellar contribution to implicit timing, the term "implicit timing" has not been strictly defined as timing without awareness (5,(17)(18)(19)(2...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of olivocerebellar system in timing without awareness

Ashe²,

Bushara

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Clearly, in the light of the present findings and those of the aforementioned studies (Eccles et al 1972;Leicht et al 1973a), CFs are capable of transmitting very precise information regarding the location and intensity of peripheral sensory events to individual Purkinje cells. The results reported by Oscarsson and his collaborators may be partially attributed to differences in experimental procedure.…”

Section: T S Miles and M Wiesendanger Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Climbing fibre inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells from trigeminal cutaneous afferents and the SI face area of the cerebral cortex in the cat.

Miles¹,

Wiesendanger²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The tonic activity in climbing fibres evoked by sustained noxious stimulation differs from previous reports on the climbing fibre activity evoked by adequate stimulation of other peripheral receptors (Eccles, Sabah, Schmidt & Taborikova, 1972;Leicht, Rowe & Schmidt, 1973;Rushmer, Roberts & Augter, 1976;Gellman, Gibson & Houk, 1985). In most cases a phasic discharge in the climbing fibres has been observed at the start and the end of the stimulation.…”

Section: F Ekerot 0 Oscarsson and J Schouenborg Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Stimulation of cat cutaneous nociceptive C fibres causing tonic and synchronous activity in climbing fibres.

Ekerot

Oscarsson

Schouenborg

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The input from cutaneous nociceptors to climbing fibres projecting to the forelimb area of the C3 zone in the cerebellar anterior lobe was examined in barbiturate-anaesthetized cats. Climbing fibre responses were simultaneously recorded in single Purkinje cells and as field potentials from the cerebellar surface close to these cells.2. The cutaneous receptive field of the climbing fibres studied were located on the ipsilateral forelimb. All climbing fibres were activated by both non-noxious tactile stimulation and noxious pinch of the skin. The location of the receptive field and the distribution of sensitivity in the receptive field appeared to be identical for noxious and tactile stimuli.3. A phasic response in the climbing fibres was evoked by either short-or long-lasting non-noxious pressure applied to their cutaneous receptive field. By contrast, all climbing fibres studied were strongly and tonically activated (up to 4-11 Hz for the duration of the stimulation) by sustained noxious pinch in the most sensitive area of their receptive fields.4. Experiments with anodal block of impulse conduction in myelinated fibres indicated that a major input to climbing fibres during sustained noxious pinch originates from nociceptive C fibres.5. Sustained noxious pinch of the skin evoked large field potentials on the cerebellar surface. These field potentials were evoked simultaneously with climbing fibre responses in single Purkinje cells and were due to synchronous activation of many climbing fibres. These field potentials and discharges in single climbing fibres were elicited from the same area of the skin suggesting that many of the synchronously discharging climbing fibres have the same receptive field on the skin.

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Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. III. In Purkyně cells by climbing fiber input

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Role of olivocerebellar system in timing without awareness

Role of olivocerebellar system in timing without awareness

Climbing fibre inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells from trigeminal cutaneous afferents and the SI face area of the cerebral cortex in the cat.

Stimulation of cat cutaneous nociceptive C fibres causing tonic and synchronous activity in climbing fibres.

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