Cutaneous Eruptions in Indian Tick Typhus

Jayaseelan, Elizabeth; Rajendran, Sarangapani Chakrapani; Shariff, Shameem; Fishbein, Dan; Keystone, Jay S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04788.x

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Indian tick typhus differs from MSF in that the rash is frequently purpuric and an inoculation eschar at the bite site is rarely identified (143,211). Cases are documented infrequently and generally by using nonspecific serological methods, such as the Weil-Felix test, which provides indirect evidence of possible rickettsial infection but does not allow a definitive diagnosis (195,211).…”

Section: Tick-borne Sfg Rickettsiae Presumptively Associated With Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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SUMMARY During most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11 additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases.

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Section: Tick-borne Sfg Rickettsiae Presumptively Associated With Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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“…[12] The disease is characterized by sudden onset of moderate to high grade fever, malaise, deep muscle pain, headache, and conjunctival suffusion. [8] Rash is usually maculopapular to start with, begins on the 3 rd day of fever in the extremities, moves centripetally and involves rest of the body. [8] ITT also differs from mediterranean spotted fever, the disease caused by the type strain of R. conorii , in that the rash is often purpuric and an inoculation eschar at the bite site is seldom identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4567] ITT clinically differs from other spotted fever group (SFG) in that maculopapular rash often turns purpuric, absence of inoculation eschar (eschar if present, is always single), and absence of lymphadenopathy. [8] Recently, there are few published reports of occurrence of gangrene of the extremities in case of ITT, which is an uncommon complication in cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis. [910] Along with gangrene, these cases had severe manifestations of sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome such as acute kidney injury, liver dysfunction, delirium, and seizure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrub typhus presenting as Purpura fulminans

Tirumala¹,

Behera²,

Jawalkar³

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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Seriously ill patients presenting with purpura fulminans, sepsis and multi-organ failure often require extensive diagnostic workup for proper diagnosis and management. Host of common infections prevalent in the tropics, e.g. malaria, dengue; other septicemic infections e.g. meningococcemia, typhoid, leptospirosis, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, viral exanthems like measles, infectious mononucleosis, collagen vascular diseases (Kawasaki disease, other vasculitis) diseases, and adverse drug reactions are often kept in mind, and the index of suspicion for rickettsial illness is quite low. We present a case of Indian tick typhus presenting with purpura fulminans (retiform purpura all over the body), sepsis and multiorgan failure without lymphadenopathy and eschar, successfully treated with doxycycline and discharged home. Hence, a high index clinical suspicion and prompt administration of a simple therapy has led to successful recovery of the patient.

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“…Although the clinical presentation resembles that of Mediterranean spotted fever, the rash in Indian tick typhus is frequently purpuric, and an inoculation eschar is rarely found. 49 A case of Indian tick typhus was reported in a French 25-year-old female who fell ill at the end of a one-month stay in India. The clinical presentation was moderately severe with a generalised maculopapular rash with petechiae but no inoculation eschar.…”

Section: Indian Tick Typhusmentioning

confidence: 98%