Tick-borne rickettsioses in international travellers

Jensenius, Mogens; Fournier, Pierre‐Edouard; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2003.06.004

Cited by 69 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Many of these diseases have resulted in marked morbidity, with occasional fatalities. In the last 10 years, the number of human rickettsioses has dramatically increased, with 15 species recognized throughout the world (25,31,37). The incidence of rickettsial pathogens has been underdocumented in Peru, and the species remain undercharacterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Flea and Tick Specimens from Northern Peru

et al. 2004

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Evidence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was obtained from flea pools and individual ticks collected at three sites in northwestern Peru within the focus of an outbreak of febrile disease in humans attributed, in part, to SFG rickettsia infections. Molecular identification of the etiologic agents from these samples was determined after partial sequencing of the 17-kDa common antigen gene (htrA) as well as pairwise nucleotide sequence homology with one or more of the following genes: gltA, ompA, and ompB. Amplification and sequencing of portions of the htrA and ompA genes in pooled samples (2 of 59) taken from fleas identified the pathogen Rickettsia felis. Four tick samples yielded molecular evidence of SFG rickettsiae. Fragments of the ompA (540-bp) and ompB (2,484-bp) genes were amplified from a single Amblyomma maculatum tick (tick 124) and an Ixodes boliviensis tick (tick 163). The phylogenetic relationships between the rickettsiae in these samples and other rickettsiae were determined after comparison of their ompB sequences by the neighbor-joining method. The dendrograms generated showed that the isolates exhibited close homology (97%) to R. aeschlimannii and R. rhipicephali. Significant bootstrap values supported clustering adjacent to this nodule of the SFG rickettsiae. While the agents identified in the flea and tick samples have not been linked to human cases in the area, these results demonstrate for the first time that at least two SFG rickettsia agents were circulating in northern Peru at the time of the outbreak. Furthermore, molecular analysis of sequences derived from the two separate species of hard ticks identified a possibly novel member of the SFG rickettsiae.Proteobacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, order Rickettsiales, are made up of highly specialized obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that survive freely within the cytosol of the host cell. Members of the genus Rickettsia are divided into two genetically similar groups, the spotted fever group (SFG) and the typhus group (TG), on the basis of host specificity, intracellular location, in vitro growth conditions, antigenic characteristics, the molecular sequences of conserved genes, clinical features, and epidemiology (15,16,37,38). Seventeen species of the genus Rickettsia are categorized within the SFG rickettsiae. With the exception of Rickettsia akari (mite-borne) and R. felis (flea-borne), the remaining SFG rickettsia species are recognized as tick-borne rickettsiae that are passed to subsequent generations or stages transovarially and transtadially (21). While the members of the SFG rickettsiae are adapted to existence within specific hosts, they are capable of infecting humans after humans are bitten by infected arthropods. The TG contains two species, R. prowazekii and R. typhi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 15 members of SFG rickettsiae have been associated with syndromic diseases that result in diverse clinical presentations, from asymptomatic to severe (25,49). The illnesses that occur as a result of rickettsial infections are often characterized by an acute onset of fever, accompanied by nonspecific signs and symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Flea and Tick Specimens from Northern Peru

et al. 2004

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“…SFG rickettsioses are the most commonly diagnosed tickborne rickettsial diseases among returning travelers (239). The most frequently occurring among these are African tick bite fever, caused by Rickettsia africae, and Mediterranean spotted fever (also known as boutonneuse fever), caused by Rickettsia conorii (240,241). Approximately 90% of imported SFG rickettsioses occur among travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa (239,242), and nearly all of these represent African tick bite fever (241,243).…”

Section: Travel Outside Of the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mediterranean spotted fever is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, parts of Africa, and the Indian subcontinent (240). This infection can be severe or fatal; in Portugal, a case-fatality rate of 21% among hospitalized adults has been described (249).…”

Section: Travel Outside Of the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis — United States

Biggs¹,

Behravesh²,

et al. 2016

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“…act as vectors and reservoirs. 1 Unlike Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ATBF is not a life-threatening disease. However, travelers should receive pre-travel advice on how to avoid the infection, i.e., F igure 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tache Noire in African Tick Bite Fever

Tappe

Dobler²,

Stich³

2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Tick-borne rickettsioses in international travellers

Abstract: Tick-borne rickettsiosis should be suspected in febrile returnees from endemic areas, especially in cases with skin eruptions. Travellers to endemic areas should be encouraged to use personal protective measures against tick bites.

Cited by 69 publications

References 74 publications

Characterization of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Flea and Tick Specimens from Northern Peru

Characterization of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Flea and Tick Specimens from Northern Peru

Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis — United States

Tache Noire in African Tick Bite Fever

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