Cutaneous cryptococcus Laurentii infection in a human immunodeficiency virus‐negative subject

Abstract

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Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

“…In the present study, this fungal disease was detected in 8.4% of all patients with LTCD4+ levels below 200 cells/mm 3 and viral loads ≥10,000 copies/mL. A similar prevalence of cryptococcosis is observed in European countries (6% to 13% of AIDS patients) (22) .…”

Non-neoformans Cryptococcal Infections: a Systematic Review

“…Other recognized risk factors include use of steroid or chemotherapeutic agents, organ transplantation [13], impaired humoral immunity such as hyper-IgM syndrome [18][19][20], non-HIV lymphopenia [21], and direct or indirect exposures to pigeon excreta [22,23]. The majority (48%) of non-neoformans cryptococcal cases had impaired cell-mediated immunity (i.e., neutropenia, hematologic malignancy, steroid or immunosuppressive drug use, or organ transplantation) while 16% had comorbid HIV infection with a mean CD4 count < 100 cells/µl.…”

Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections in the Mediterranean Area

“…Yet, in recent years, an outbreak of C. gattii infections has been reported from Vancouver Island/Canada, where more than 66 human cases with at least 4 fatalities have been reported in otherwise healthy persons, all due to infections with serotype B 50. In recent years, some other species such as C. laurentii and C. albidus were isolated from cryptococcosis patients 51,52…”