Cutaneous adverse reactions to coronavirus vaccines: A Saudi nationwide study

Abstract

The coronavirus vaccine was developed to help overcome the COVID‐19 crisis. This study aimed to identify the cutaneous side effects secondary to Pfizer‐BioNTech and Oxford‐AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccines in the general population of Saudi Arabia and to list the risk factors for the development of cutaneous side effects. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2021, self‐administered surveys were distributed electronically through social media, and telephonic interviews were conducted with a sample size of 1000 participants. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A total of 1021 patients (229 male and 722 female) aged 12 years or older were included. While 833 participants were medically free, 188 had chronic illnesses. While 802 participants were not taking any medications, 219 were taking medications regularly. Oxford‐Astra Zeneca and Pfizer BioNTech vaccines were administered to 319 and 702 participants, respectively. One‐hundred and twenty‐five participants previously had COVID‐19 infection and 407 were exposed to a PCR positive case of COVID. Six hundred and fifty‐nine patients (64.5%) reported experiencing injection site reactions: 606 (59.4%) had injection site pain, 168 (16.5%) had injection site swelling, and 107 (10.5%) had injection site redness. Only 51 patients (5%) experienced cutaneous side effects after injection. A significant association was found between chronic illnesses and cutaneous side effects post‐vaccine (9% vs. 4.1%; p value = 0.005). Patients on medications showed a higher rate of symptoms (8.2% vs. 4.1%; p value = 0.005). Age, gender, vaccine types, and history of COVID‐19 infection were not significantly associated with cutaneous side effects post‐vaccine.

Assessing the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in different scenarios in Saudi Arabia

“…3,[7][8][9] Following the vaccination, the produced antibodies stick to the invading spikes as proteins and stop the virus from entering the cells. 10 At present, there are 4 coronavirus vaccines that have been approved for administration around the world, namely: BNT162 (Pfizer BioNTech, New York, NY, USA), ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca, Oxford, UK), mRNA1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA), and Ad26.COV2-S (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Moreover, several other vaccines have been developed for use in specific countries, such as BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing, China), CoronaVac (Sinovac, Beijing, China), Sputnik V (Gamaleya, Moscow, Russian), and COVAXIN (Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India).…”

“… 3 , 7 - 9 Following the vaccination, the produced antibodies stick to the invading spikes as proteins and stop the virus from entering the cells. 10 …”