Customer’s Perception and Preference towards Packaged Drinking Water

Abstract

Two hundred customers were purposively selected from two study areas (market, residence) in Addis Ababa to assess customer’s behavior and perception towards packaged water. The sampling and data collection process of the study followed systematic analysis of Theory Planned Behavior. The average monthly income of respondents of this study lay between 5000 ($175) and 10000 ($350) Eth Birr. The primary customer information sources were television and radio. Residence place customers were more concerned about health as compared to market place customers. Market place customers primarily gave emphasis to the price of packaged water. Almost all (97%) customers were not sentient to packaged water standards. However, only few, 86 (43%), customers checked labeled chemical composition, of which 74 (85%) did not understand it. Customer’s sex, education level, and health status showed significant relationship with choice of packaged water quality, −1.42 (p<0.05); price, −2.45 (p<0.01); and health status, –1.80 (p<0.05) in market place and residence place, respectively. Customers were not well aware of what they were purchasing and even customer’s ability to read was not related to customer’s ability to understand what was written in the labels. Customers’ choice of packaged drinking water has been challenged by their health status. Customers are becoming more concerned about prices while they are out of their residence place.

Synthesis of precision dosing system for liquid products based on electropneumatic complexes

“…3, b clearly shows the distribution of the linear displacement rate of the fine-artificial product when moving in the product pipeline channel under pressure. This confirms the modeling results [7] regarding the impact of local resistances on increasing specific pressure losses.…”

“…Solving such tasks requires the development of universal systems of automatic dosage that are structurally and functionally adapted for the execution of operations of both portion and continuous dosage [6]. Examples of such solutions are the industrial wastewater treatment systems containing contours of dosed supply of chemical agents [7]. Solving complex problems related to the formation of multicomponent emulsions, as the authors the of cited work note, is a relevant area in the development of synergy of water treatment systems and the design of precision dosing systems.…”

“…The disadvantages identified in the cited works [4][5][6][7] include the complexity of designs of dosing and control units containing a large number of mechanical moving parts, which leads to a significant decrease in the operational reliability of the equipment. An important disadvantage is the comparative narrowness of the dosage ranges provided and The authors of [14] thoroughly described conditions for synthesizing layouts of the packing machine based on criterion evaluation for individual functional mechatronic modules.…”

“…The supply voltage in the control chain is 24 VDC (±10 %), according to the value selected by the AP proportional distributor. The consumption of compressed air would depend on the value of the input main pressure P (0.1...0.3 MPa), and, according to data from [7,8], is 80...160 (Nl/min).…”

Analyzing Water Quality and Consumer Perceptions at Refill Stations in Guyana: Mixed-Methods Analysis

“…Information regarding refilled water is disseminated through different means; however, consumer's ability to understand the information is what will guide their perception of refilled water. This is a direct association with the level of education attained by the consumer [42]. A previous study done in Guyana showed that water and biofilm samples from The Guyana Water Inc (GWI) sites and residential sites exhibited inadequate quality in terms of physicochemical and biological parameters (43).…”