Current Views on Diagnostic Approach and Treatment of Lymphedema

Murdaca, Giuseppe; Cagnati, Paola; Gulli, Rossella; Spanò, Francesca; Puppo, Francesco; Campisi, Corradino; Boccardo, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.06.032

Cited by 90 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It can result from obstruction or disruption of the lymphatic system, which can occur as a consequence of malignancy, surgery, radiation therapy, trauma, inflammation or infections such as filariasis. The resulting mechanical insufficiency can lead to accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissues [8]. In Western societies, the most common cause of secondary LE is cancer treatment [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory (LyQLI)-Development and investigation of validity and reliability

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory (LyQLI)-Development and investigation of validity and reliability

et al. 2015

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“…3 Lymphedema involving both lower extremities occurs in about 70% of patients with congenital lymphedema and lymphedema tarda. 1 Lymphedema praecox is typically unilateral with involvement of the foot and the calf, with only 30% of patients developing bilateral extremity lymphedema. 1,3 Secondary lymphedema is caused by various factors related to either lymphatic obstruction or lymphatic interruption due to inflammation, trauma, iatrogenic alterations of the lymph system (i.e., surgery or radiation), 3 or due to cancer therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Lymphedema praecox is typically unilateral with involvement of the foot and the calf, with only 30% of patients developing bilateral extremity lymphedema. 1,3 Secondary lymphedema is caused by various factors related to either lymphatic obstruction or lymphatic interruption due to inflammation, trauma, iatrogenic alterations of the lymph system (i.e., surgery or radiation), 3 or due to cancer therapy. 6,7,9,10 In developing countries, secondary lymphedema is predominantly caused by parasites, while in developed countries it most commonly occurs due to malignancies or malignancy-associated treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary lymphedema is a genetic disorder of the lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes, 6,7 or a dysfunction in the lymphatic system. 1,8 Primary lymphedema can further be categorized according to the age of symptom onset and clinical manifestation: congenital (before age 2), praecox (between age 2 and 35), and tarda (after age 35). 3 Lymphedema involving both lower extremities occurs in about 70% of patients with congenital lymphedema and lymphedema tarda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] It is a debilitating, chronic condition with physical, psychological, and social consequences for those diagnosed with the disease. 4,5 Lymphedema can be either primary or secondary in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom Frequency, Intensity, and Distress in Patients with Lower Limb Lymphedema

Stolldorf

Dietrich

Ridner

2016

Lymphatic Research and Biology

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Background: Patients with lower limb lymphedema experience symptoms of pain, swelling, tightness, and heaviness in their legs. Less is known of the intensity and distress associated with these symptoms. This study sought to identify and compare the symptoms and the level of intensity and distress associated with symptoms by type of lymphatic disruption. Methods and Results: A cross-sectional design was used. Patients completed an online survey that included: a demographic form, the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey-Leg, and an open-ended question. The most prevalent symptoms were swelling, concerns about looks, heaviness, tightness, fatigue, and reduced physical activity. Statistically significant differences were found among groups in coldness in legs (v 2 (df=3) = 9.0, p = 0.03), lack of confidence in self (v 2 (df=3) = 10.6, p = 0.014), and feeling less sexually attractive (v 2 (df=6) = 12.6, p = 0.049). Group differences were also observed in the intensity of heaviness (v 2 (df=3) = 9.11, p = 0.03), numbness, (v 2 (df=3) = 10.66, p = 0.014), achiness (v 2 (df=3) = 12.40, p = 0.006), skin flakiness (v 2 (df=3) = 13.22, p = 0.004), and lack of interest in sex (v 2 (df=3) = 8.95, p = 0.030). Statistically significant group differences were not found in distress related to symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the number of symptoms reported by patients with lower-limb lymphedema, only a few statistically significant differences in symptoms and level of intensity were observed by type of lymphatic disruption. No statistically significant group differences were found in the distress level associated with any of the symptoms.

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Protein@Cyanine‐Based NIR‐II Lymphography Enables the Supersensitive Visualization of Lymphedema and Tumor Lymphatic Metastasis

Han

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Visualization of the lymphatic system is clinically indispensable for the diagnosis and/or treatment of lymphatic diseases. Although indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography becomes an alternate imaging modality compared to traditional lymphoscintigraphy, it is still far from ideal due to the insufficient detection depth and low spatiotemporal resolution. Herein, protein@cyanine probes are rationally developed to solve the limitations of the current near‐infrared‐I (NIR‐I) lymphography. The protein@cyanine probes are synthesized following a chlorine‐containing dye‐labeling strategy based on structure‐selectivity (facile covalent binding between the dye and protein with a 1:1 molar ratio). As expected, the probes display exceptional NIR‐II imaging ability with much‐improved imaging contrast/resolution and controllable pharmacokinetics, superior to the clinical ICG. The protein@cyanine probes locate lymph nodes and delineate lymphatic vessels with super‐high sensitivity and signal‐to‐background ratio, enabling real‐time diagnosing lymphatic diseases such as lymphedema and tumor lymphatic metastasis. In particular, the NIR‐II lymphography provides an opportunity to discover the disparate morbidity rate of primary lymphedema in different types of mice. Given the fact of lacking clinically transferable NIR‐II probes, this work not only provides a promising strategy for enriching of the current library of NIR‐II probes, but also promotes the clinical translation of NIR‐II lymphography technology.

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Current Views on Diagnostic Approach and Treatment of Lymphedema

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory (LyQLI)-Development and investigation of validity and reliability

Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory (LyQLI)-Development and investigation of validity and reliability

Symptom Frequency, Intensity, and Distress in Patients with Lower Limb Lymphedema

Protein@Cyanine‐Based NIR‐II Lymphography Enables the Supersensitive Visualization of Lymphedema and Tumor Lymphatic Metastasis

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